Term
| What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| Asexual reproduction is a procsss that involves only one parent and producess offspring that are indentical to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents who combine genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents. |
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Term
| Tell what the cytoplasm is? |
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Definition
| Jell like material located inside the cell membrane. |
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Term
| Are viruses alive? Why or why not? |
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Definition
| Viruses are not alive because they do not have all six characterics of living cells: they are not cells, they do not grow and develop and they do not respond to their surroundings |
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Term
| What is an organism that lives in or on a host organism and causes harm to the host? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are different ways to prevent getting diseases? |
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Definition
1. Vaccines
2. Stay healthy by eating right and washing your hands
3. Avoid contact with infected people, objects and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that lacks a nucleus |
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Term
| How do infectious diseases get spread (name all and give examples) |
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Definition
1. contact with an infected person (touching, hugging)
2. Contact with a contaminated object (forks, drinking from the same cup)
3. Contact with an infected animal (rabies from a dog bite)
4. Contact with environmental sources (soil, food, water) |
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Term
| How do you kill bacteria without harming the host cell it is in? |
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Definition
| By using antibiotics which are made from bacteria and fungi |
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Term
| How do you treat an unknown viral disease? |
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Definition
| alot of liquids and bed rest! |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses or bacteria |
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Term
| Name three ways bacteria can be helpful to people |
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Definition
1. prodution of medicines
2. environmental recycling and clean up
3. oxygen and food production |
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Term
| Name five charatectistics of bacteria |
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Definition
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
flagellum |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals |
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Term
| What are the two basic parts of a virus? Explain each. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tetanus is a bacterial disease and it is caued by bacteria called clostridium tetani which uses toxins to cause tetenus |
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Term
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Definition
| Soil bacteria called clostridium botulinum grows in canned foods and produces toxins causing botulism |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a virus that infects bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a long whip like structure extending from the cell membrane that helps a cell move (only in some cells) |
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Term
| What is conjugation and binary fission and what type of sexual reproduction is each? |
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Definition
Conjugation: when one bacterium transfers some of its genetic material into another bacterium through thin like bridge that connects the two cells (it is sexual reproduction)
Binary Fission: a cell first duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two separate cells (asexual reproduction) |
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Term
| How do bacteria and people get energy from food? |
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Definition
| some bacteria are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs. Respiration is the process that all hetertrophs use to break down food to release energy. |
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Term
| What is the function of a ribosome? |
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Definition
| the ribosomes are chemical facteries where proteins are produced |
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Term
| What is the structure of a virus? |
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Definition
1. an outer coat that protects the virus and contains the proteins that allow the virus to attachd to certain host cells
2. an inner core made of genetic material |
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Term
| What does a hidden virus do to the host cell? |
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Definition
| a hidden virus invades a host cell and becomes a part of the host cell's genetic material. It stays inactive for a long time, then when it becomes active, it takes over the host cell, produces new viruses, and the host cell breaks open to release new viruses. |
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Term
| Name five things an active virus does to the host |
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Definition
1. the virus attaches to the host cell
2. the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell
3. the virus takes over the host cell
4. the virus multiplies and creates new viruses in the host cell
5. the viruses burst out of the host cell and go on to infect more cells |
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Term
| How does a virus multiply? |
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Definition
| It enters a host cell, takes over the cells genetic functions and instructs the host cell to produce the virus's proteins and genetic materials, creating more viruses |
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Term
| What are some different shapes of viruses |
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Definition
| round, rod-liked, brick shaped, thread like, bullet shaped |
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Term
| What does bacteria use endospores for? |
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Definition
| to survive harsh conditions (like really hot or really cold). bacteria form endospores to protect the cell until conditions improve |
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Term
| How can bacteria reproduce |
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Definition
| bacteria can reproduce either through sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction |
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