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| an organized set of principals that can be used to explain observed phenomenon |
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| a testable statement or idea about the relationship between two or more variables |
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| the precise specification of how variables are measured or manipulated |
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| the method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by observing it from the inside without imposing any preconceived notions they might have |
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| the level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data, by showing that tow or more judges independently come up with the same observations, researchers ensure that the observations are not the subjective impressions of one individual |
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| a from of the observational method whereby the researcher examines the accumulated documents, or archives of a culture |
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| the technique whereby researchers systematically measure two or more variables ans assess the relation between them |
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| probability level (p-value) |
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| a number calculated with stat techniques that tells researchers how likely it is that the results of their experiment occurred by chance and not because of the independent variable; the results are significant if the probability level is greater than 5 in 100 |
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| ensuring that nothing other than the independent variable can affect the dependent (behaviour); this is done by controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions |
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| repeating a study; generally with different subject populations, different settings, or using different methods |
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| stats technique that averages the results of two or more studies to see if the effect of an independent variable is reliable |
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| research conducted with members of different cultures to see whether the psychological processes of interest are present across cultures or whether they are specific to the culture in which poeple are raised |
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| What is a basic dilemma of social psychology? |
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| the trade between internal and external validity, to be controlled and true but to also be applicable to everyday life |
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| studies that are designed to find the best answers as to why people behave the way they do and that are conducted purely for reasons of intellectual curiosity |
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| studies designed specifically to solve a particular social problem; building a theory of behaviour is usually secondary to solving the specific problem |
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| Regarding ethical research what are some important experiment aspects? |
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| protect participants from harm and embarrassment, make clear their right to withdraw without consequence, debrief and explain before hand as best as possible |
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| The Stanford prison study is an example of what? |
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| serious problems with internal validity, demand characteristics of the participants, no ethical boundary's, problems with external validity |
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