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| assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things according to rules |
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| set of bumbers whose properties model empirical properties of the objects to which they are assigned |
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| collective influence of all of the factors on a test score beyond those which are specifically measured |
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| classification based on one or more distinguishing characteristics, where all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive categories. Ex: in a study of men and women, all men are labeled A. |
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| In addition to classification, rank-ordering on some characteristics is allowed. No absolute zero point. Ex: People sick in a doctors offic may be ranked according to need for treatment. |
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| each unit on this scale is exactly equal to any other unit on the scale and they have no absolute zero point |
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| has a zero point. Ex: Someone who weighs 100 lbs is twice the size of someone who weighs 50 lbs. |
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