Term
The Male Reproductive System
Gonads -sperm-producing testes, lie in the scrotum
From the testes, sperm travel outside of the body through a system of ducts:
____-ductus deferens-____duct-
Accessory sex glands
Empty their secretions into sex ducts during ejaculation
(3) |
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Definition
The Male Reproductive System
Gonads -sperm-producing testes, lie in the scrotum
From the testes, sperm travel outside of the body through a system of ducts:
Epididymis-ductus deferens-ejaculatory duct-urethra
Accessory sex glands
Empty their secretions into sex ducts during ejaculation
Seminal vesicles-prostate glands-bulbourethral glands |
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Term
The Male Reproductive System
The scrotum is a sac of skin and superficial ____
Hangs inferiorly external to the abdominopelvic cavity
Contains paired oval ___ or ___
Septum in the middle divides the scrotum into right and left halves
Outside positioning provides an environment _˚ cooler than body temperature
Depending on outside temperature
___ muscle – layer of ___ muscle wrinkles the scrotal skin
___ muscle – bands of ___ muscle surrounding the testes
Elevates the testes closer to body |
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Definition
The Male Reproductive System
The scrotum is a sac of skin and superficial fascia
Hangs inferiorly external to the abdominopelvic cavity
Contains paired oval testes or testicles
Septum in the middle divides the scrotum into right and left halves
Outside positioning provides an environment 3˚ cooler than body temperature
Depending on outside temperature
Dartos muscle – layer of smooth muscle wrinkles the scrotal skin
Cremaster muscle – bands of skeletal muscle surrounding the testes
Elevates the testes closer to body |
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Term
The Testes
Are enclosed in a serous sac – the tunica ____
Tunica albuginea – ____ of the testes
Divides each testis into 250-300 lobules
Lobules contain 1-4 coiled ____ tubules -sperm factories |
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Definition
The Testes
Are enclosed in a serous sac – the tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea – fibrous capsule of the testes
Divides each testis into 250-300 lobules
Lobules contain 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules -sperm factories |
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Term
The Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules
Separated from each other by areolar connective tissue
Epithelium consists of
____ cells – sperm-forming cells
Columnar ___ cells – supporting cells
___ cells – surround seminiferous tubules
___ cells (Leydig cells) between seminiferous tubules – secrete testosterone |
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Definition
The Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules
Separated from each other by areolar connective tissue
Epithelium consists of
Spermatogenic cells – sperm-forming cells
Columnar sustentacular cells – supporting cells
Myoid cells – surround seminiferous tubules
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) between seminiferous tubules – secrete testosterone |
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Term
Spermatogenesis Cells
Spermatogenic cells – sperm-forming cells
_____ – sperm formation
Begins at puberty – __ million sperm per day in an adult
Cells differentiate and move toward the lumen
Stage 1 – formation of ____
Stage 2 – ____
Stage 3 – ____
____ differentiate into sperm -spermiogenesis |
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Definition
Spermatogenesis Cells
Spermatogenic cells – sperm-forming cells
Spermatogenesis – sperm formation
Begins at puberty – 400 million sperm per day in an adult
Cells differentiate and move toward the lumen
Stage 1 – formation of spermatocytes
Stage 2 – meiosis
Stage 3 – spermiogenesis
Spermatids differentiate into sperm -spermiogenesis |
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Term
Sustentacular Cells
Surround ____ cells
Assist sperm production
Convey ____ to the spermatogenic cells
Actively move the spermatogenic cells towards tubule lumen
Extend from ___ to the lumen of the ___ tubule
Tight junctions between cells
Blood-testis barrier
Secrete testicular fluid into tubule lumen |
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Definition
Sustentacular Cells
Surround spermatogenic cells
Assist sperm production
Convey nutrients to the spermatogenic cells
Actively move the spermatogenic cells towards tubule lumen
Extend from basal lamina to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
Tight junctions between cells
Blood-testis barrier
Secrete testicular fluid into tubule lumen |
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Term
Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis
The Epididymis
Where sperm ____
On posterior lateral side of testis
Duct of the epididymis is 6m long (when uncoiled)
Dominated by pseudostratified ____ epithelium
Bears tufts of ____ – immotile, long microvilli
__-day journey for sperm to move through
Gain the ability to swim and to fertilize an egg |
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Definition
Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis
The Epididymis
Where sperm mature
On posterior lateral side of testis
Duct of the epididymis is 6m long (when uncoiled)
Dominated by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Bears tufts of stereocilia – immotile, long microvilli
20-day journey for sperm to move through
Gain the ability to swim and to fertilize an egg |
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Term
The seminal vesicles
Lie on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
Secretes about __% of the volume of semen
Fluid contains
___ to nourish sperm
Other substances to enhance ___ |
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Definition
The seminal vesicles
Lie on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
Secretes about 60% of the volume of semen
Fluid contains
Fructose to nourish sperm
Other substances to enhance fertilization |
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Term
The prostate gland
Encircles the prostatic urethra
Consists of 20-30 compound __ glands
Secretes about __% of seminal fluid
Contains substances that enhance ___ |
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Definition
The prostate gland
Encircles the prostatic urethra
Consists of 20-30 compound tubuloalveolar glands
Secretes about 25-30% of seminal fluid
Contains substances that enhance sperm motility |
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Term
The bulbourethral glands
Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland
Produce a ____
___ enters spongy urethra prior to ejaculation
Cleanses urethra and enhances __ for fertilizations |
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Definition
The bulbourethral glands
Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland
Produce a mucus
Mucus enters spongy urethra prior to ejaculation
Cleanses urethra and enhances pH for fertilizations |
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Term
The Female Reproductive System
Gonads-ovaries produce gametes (__)
Prepares to support a developing embryo
Undergoes changes according to the ___
External genitalia - vulva, mammary glands
Accessory ducts - uterine tubes (____), uterus, vagina
Uterine tubes-_____occurs
Uterus-___ development
Vagina-___canal |
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Definition
The Female Reproductive System
Gonads-ovaries produce gametes (ova)
Prepares to support a developing embryo
Undergoes changes according to the menstrual cycle
External genitalia - vulva, mammary glands
Accessory ducts - uterine tubes (fallopian), uterus, vagina
Uterine tubes-fertilization occurs
Uterus-embryo development
Vagina-birth canal |
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Term
The Ovaries
Small, almond-shaped paired organs
Flank the uterus on each side
Held in place by ___ and ___
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament
Ovarian ligament
Ovarian arteries – arterial supply
Branches from abdominal __
Uterine arteries
Branches from the ____ artery |
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Definition
The Ovaries
Small, almond-shaped paired organs
Flank the uterus on each side
Held in place by ligaments and mesenteries
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament
Ovarian ligament
Ovarian arteries – arterial supply
Branches from abdominal aorta
Uterine arteries
Branches from the internal iliac artery |
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Term
The Ovaries
Surface of the ovaries are smooth in young girls, after puberty become scarred and pitted from monthly ova release
______ but are surrounded by the peritoneal cavity and held in place by mesenteries and ligaments derived from the peritoneum
____ ligament - large peritoneum fold hangs from uterus and the uterine tubes like a tent
____ ligament of the ovary - lateral continuation of the broad ligament.Attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall
___ ligament - anchors ovary to the uterus |
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Definition
The Ovaries
Surface of the ovaries are smooth in young girls, after puberty become scarred and pitted from monthly ova release
Retroperitoneal but are surrounded by the peritoneal cavity and held in place by mesenteries and ligaments derived from the peritoneum
Broad ligament - large peritoneum fold hangs from uterus and the uterine tubes like a tent
Suspensory ligament of the ovary - lateral continuation of the broad ligament.Attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall
Ovarian ligament - anchors ovary to the uterus |
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Term
The Ovaries
Ovary is surrounded by a fibrous capsule-tunica ___ (much thinner than the one around the testes)
Divided in outer cortex and inner medulla
Ovarian cortex - holds the developing gametes - ___
___ are in a saclike multicellular structure called follicles
Follicles ___ as they mature
Ovarian ____ - loose connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels |
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Definition
The Ovaries
Ovary is surrounded by a fibrous capsule-tunica albuginea (much thinner than the one around the testes)
Divided in outer cortex and inner medulla
Ovarian cortex - holds the developing gametes - oocytes
Oocytes are in a saclike multicellular structure called follicles
Follicles enlarge as they mature
Ovarian medulla - loose connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels |
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Term
Structure of the Ovary-Follicle; Stages of Development
Ovarian Cycle
Monthly cycle
Three successive phases
1____ phase -2____ - 3 phase
Follicular phase
From before __ to the end of the female ___, ovarian cortex contains thousands of follicles-primordial follicles
Start of the cycle, 6-12 primordial follicles start to grow and start the ___ phase (most of them die)
Lasts for ~2 weeks ends with the vesicular ___ ready to be ovulated
Ovulation (midpoint)
Release of LH (_____) before day 14
Oocytes is released
Luteal phase
_____ tells uterus mucosa to prepare for implantation of an embryo
If not, _____ dies |
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Definition
Structure of the Ovary-Follicle; Stages of Development
Ovarian Cycle
Monthly cycle
Three successive phases
Follicular phase - ovulation - luteal phase
Follicular phase
From before birth to the end of the female reproductive years, ovarian cortex contains thousands of follicles-primordial follicles
Start of the cycle, 6-12 primordial follicles start to grow and start the follicular phase (most of them die)
Lasts for ~2 weeks ends with the vesicular follicle ready to be ovulated
Ovulation (midpoint)
Release of LH (luteinizing hormone) before day 14
Oocytes is released
Luteal phase
Progesterone tells uterus mucosa to prepare for implantation of an embryo
If not, corpus luteum dies |
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Term
The Ovarian Cycle
Ovulation – occurs about halfway through each ovarian cycle
___ exits from one ovary
Enters the peritoneal cavity
Is swept into the ___ tube
___ Phase – occurs after ovulation
Remaining follicle becomes a ___
Secretes ____
Acts to prepare for implantation of an embryo |
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Definition
The Ovarian Cycle
Ovulation – occurs about halfway through each ovarian cycle
Oocyte exits from one ovary
Enters the peritoneal cavity
Is swept into the uterine tube
Luteal Phase – occurs after ovulation
Remaining follicle becomes a corpus luteum
Secretes progesterone
Acts to prepare for implantation of an embryo |
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Term
Oogenesis
Includes chromosomal reduction division of ____
2N to N
Takes many years to complete |
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Definition
Oogenesis
Includes chromosomal reduction division of meiosis
2N to N
Takes many years to complete |
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Term
The Uterus
Lies in the ____ cavity
Anchored to pelvic walls and body walls by ligaments (mesometrium, lateral cervical, round)
Most of the uterus support is by pelvic floor muscles -___ and ___ diaphragms |
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Definition
The Uterus
Lies in the pelvic cavity
Anchored to pelvic walls and body walls by ligaments (mesometrium, lateral cervical, round)
Most of the uterus support is by pelvic floor muscles -urogenital and pelvic diaphragms |
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Term
The Uterine Cycle
Series of cyclic phases of the endometrium
Phases coordinate with the ovarian cycle
Endometrial phases directed by FSH and LH
Phases of uterine cycle
____ phase – days 1-5
Stratum ____ is shed
Pro____ phase – days 6-14
___ phase – days 15-28 |
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Definition
The Uterine Cycle
Series of cyclic phases of the endometrium
Phases coordinate with the ovarian cycle
Endometrial phases directed by FSH and LH
Phases of uterine cycle
Menstrual phase – days 1-5
Stratum functionalis is shed
Proliferative phase – days 6-14
Secretory phase – days 15-28 |
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Term
The Vagina
Consists of three coats
_____ – fibrous connective tissue
_____ – smooth muscle
_____ – marked by transverse folds
Consists of lamina propria and stratified squamous epithelium
____ – an incomplete diaphragm
____ – recess formed at the superior part of the vagina |
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Definition
The Vagina
Consists of three coats
Adventitia – fibrous connective tissue
Muscularis – smooth muscle
Mucosa – marked by transverse folds
Consists of lamina propria and stratified squamous epithelium
Hymen – an incomplete diaphragm
Fornix – recess formed at the superior part of the vagina |
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