Term
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Definition
| a structure that would allow molecules to be lined up in a specific order & joined to create a macromolecule with a unique sequence & function |
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Definition
| dynamic points at one or both ends of the loop; where parent DNA is being unwound & the separated strands quickly replicated |
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Definition
| the unique point at which replication loops always initiate |
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Definition
| the short pieces in which one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized |
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Definition
| the continuous strand; the one in which 5'-->3' synthesis proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork movement |
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Definition
| the discontinuous strand; the one in which 5'-->3' synthesis proceeds in the direction opposite to the direction of fork movement |
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Definition
| enzymes that are specific for DNA rather than RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| degrade nucleic acids from one end of the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| can begin to degrade at specific internal sites in a nucleic acid strand or molecule to reduce it to smaller & smaller fragments |
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Definition
| the free 3' end of the primer (a primer is a strand segment with a free 3'-hydroxyl group to which a nucleotide can be added) |
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Term
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Definition
| where the incoming nucleotide is initially positioned |
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Term
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Definition
| where the new base pair is positioned once the phosphodiester bond is formed & the polymerase slides forward on the DNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of nucleotides added before a polymerase dissociates |
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Term
| large fragment (Klenow fragment) |
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Definition
| the remaining fragment when the 5'-->3' exonucleases domain is removed; retains the polymerization & proofreading activities |
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Definition
| enzymes that move along the DNA & separate the strands using chemical energy from ATP |
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Definition
| relieve the topological stress in the helical DNA structure caused by strand separation |
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Definition
| stabilize separated strands |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA unwinding element (DUE) |
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Definition
| a region rich in A=T base pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein family to which the DnaA protein (a crucial component in the initiation process) belongs |
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Term
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Definition
| a functional unit within the replication complex constituted by DnaB helicase & DnaG primase |
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Term
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Definition
| defined replication origins (AKA autonomously replicating sequences) found in yeast |
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Term
| pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) |
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Definition
| established due to the absence of cyclins once they have been rapidly destroyed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis at the end of the M phase; exist on replication initiation sites |
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Term
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Definition
| when formation of the pre-RC renders the cell competent for replication |
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Term
| mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins |
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Definition
| a heterohexameric complex that serves as the replicative helicase which must be loaded for the initiation of replication in all eukaryotes & bacteria |
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Term
| ORC (origin recognition complex) |
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Definition
| a six-protein complex that loads the ring-shaped MCM2-7 helicase onto the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a multisubunit enzyme with similar structure & properties in all eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
| a multi-subunit that extends primers |
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Definition
| replaces DNA polymerase delta in some situations such as DNA repair |
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Term
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Definition
| special structures whose synthesis is involved with the termination of replication on linear eukaryotic chromosomes; exist at the ends of each chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| if a mutation affects nonessential DNA or if it has negligible effect on the function of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of enzymes found in every cell; recognize particularly common DNA lesions & remove the affected base by cleaving the N-glycosyl bond |
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Term
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Definition
| an apurinic or apyrimidinic site in the DNA created by the cleavage done by DNA glycosylases |
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Definition
| enzyme that cut the DNA strand containing the AP site |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes the reaction where there is direct photoreactivation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers |
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Term
| error-prone translesion DNA synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a cellular stress response to extensive DNA damage of which error-prone translesion DNA synthesis is a part in bacteria |
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