Term
|
Definition
Sporadic
Adults
Nodules usually greater than 3mm
Autonomous to ACTH, but not other molecules |
|
|
Term
Cushing syndrome (Morphology)
Pituitary |
|
Definition
Crooke hyaline cartilage
Homogenous and paler
Normal granular, basophilic cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Primary Adrenocortical neoplasm |
|
Definition
Women: 30-50 y/o
Adenomas are yellow, thin-well developed capsules
Carcinomas are larger than adenomas, uncapsulated
Adrenals are atrophic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Truncal Obesity
Moon facies
"Buffalo hump"
Decreased muscle mass and proximal weakness (like hyperthyroidism) |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) |
|
Definition
Bilateral nodular hyperplasia
Older patients
Hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Solitary aldosterone-secreting adenoma
Adult in mid life |
|
|
Term
| Glucocorticoid-remedial hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| Mutation that causes aldosterone secretion to be under ACTH regulation, over-producing aldosterone, but suppressible by exogenous cortisol |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone-producing adenomas |
|
Definition
Solitary, well circumscribed, and found more often on the left
W: 30-40 y/o
Buried in the gland and not recognizable by ultra-sound
SPIRONOLACTONE BODIES |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| The growth is often wedge-shaped |
|
|
Term
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
|
Definition
Bacterial septicemia of adrenals (Usually N. meningitidis)
Rapidly progressing hypotension
DIC: purpura on the skin
Adrenal Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands
Also: TB, AIDS, or cancers
Symptomatic once 90% of the gland is destroyed
When autoimmune: Ab's to 21 + 17-hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1)
(AKA Candidiasis) |
|
Definition
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Abnormalities of the skin, dental enamel, and nails
Caused by mutations to the AIRE gene: responsible for selection in the thymus |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS2) |
|
Definition
Early adulthood
Adrenal insufficiency
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Type 1 diabetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Progressive weakness + easy fatiguability
GI disturbances
Anorexia, nausea, etc
HYPERPIGMENTATION |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency |
|
Definition
NO HYPERPIGMENTATION
Low levels of ACTH (Addison's has increased levels of ACTH)
Smaller adrenals
Cortex may be shrunken, primarily glomerulosa |
|
|
