Term
a body defenses:
nonspecific: |
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Definition
*mechanical borders
*chemical actions
*phagocytosis
*fever
*inflammation |
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Term
| five signs of inflammation |
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Definition
-pain (dolor)
-redness (rubor)
-heat (calor)
-swelling (tumor)
-impaired function (functio laesa) |
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Term
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Definition
*immunity
-cell mediated (='cytoxic')
-antibody-mediated (='humoral') |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's non-specific response to injury |
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Term
inflammatory:
noninflammatory: |
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Definition
ends in -itis
ends in -osis |
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Term
inflammation:
vascular response |
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Definition
fibrin separates the pathogen (capsule around site of injury
^
fluids dilute toxins
^
shift of the blood proteins and fluid into interstitial space
^
hyperemia and increased capillary permeability
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vasodilation
^
tranitory vasoconstriction
^
injury |
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Term
inflammation:
chemical response |
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Definition
monocytes and macophages seep from the blood (diapedesis) and remove the pathogen. lysosomal enzymes kill healthy cells of the tissue and prolong inflammation.
^
first come neutrophils (PMNs)
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locally-attract lymphocytes and macrophages (chemotaxis)
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promote fever (pyrogenes)
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through the blood to hypothalamus
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histamine (immediately), serotonin, prostaglandins (PGs in a period of time), leukotrienes
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cemical mediators from mast cells and platelets are released
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injury |
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Term
inflammation:
local signs and symptoms |
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Definition
*redness-hypermia
*heat-increased local metabolism, and hyperemia
*swelling-interstitial shift of fluids and protein
*pain-receptors: pressure and chemical mediators
*loss of function: an injured tissue can not function properly. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
inflammation:
local signs and symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*serous
*fibrinous
*purulent
*an abscess
*hemorrhagic |
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Term
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Definition
| watery, has little prtein and WBCs. Occurs in allergy or burns etc.) aseptic (without microorganisms) |
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Term
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Definition
thick and sticky
-large number of cells and fibrin. increase risk of scarring.
-pre-purulent |
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Term
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Definition
-PUS
-thick, yello/green, somethings with malodorous smell; a lot of WBCs, cell debris, and microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| localized, encapsulated pockey of pus in a solid tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| with blood, when blood vessels are eroded. |
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Term
inflammation
systemic signs and symptoms: |
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Definition
*malaise, fatigue
*mild fever (pyrexia)
*headache
*anorexia |
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Term
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Definition
-impairs growth and reproduction of bacteria caused by pyrogens (IL-1) from WBCs and macrophages
-body temperature reaches a new setting |
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Term
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Definition
| a white blood cell count greater than 11,000 per mm3 |
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Term
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Definition
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (nonspecific signs of inflammation) |
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Term
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Definition
C-reactive protein (CRP) test is a blood test that measures the amount of a protein called C-reactive protein in your blood. If high after 3 days, infection is present.
-nonspecific |
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Term
| differential leukocyte count |
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Definition
*eosinophilia: allergic inflammtion, parasitic infestation
*lymphocytosis: TB etc. (chronic inflammation) |
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Term
| diagnostics of inflammation: |
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Definition
*leukocytosis
*esr elevated
*crp increased
*differential leukocyte count
*increased plasma proteins (fibrogen, prothrombin, etc.
*presence or increase of cell enzymes
*impaired function of internal organs |
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Term
| diagnostics of inflammation: |
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Definition
*cell isoenzymes may be present in blood (specific for organ under going inflammation):
-ALT of liver; AST for liver and myocardium
-alkaline phosphatase-from pancreas |
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Term
| course of acute inflammation: |
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Definition
subsiding with no or little consequences
*progression with significant tissue damage
-leads to ulceration (erosion)
-infection
-skeletal muscle spams due to physical damage or mediator stimulation
-chronic inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
*cells: lympthocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts
*less exudate or other sign of inflammation, but more tissue damage over longer period of time
*more fibrosis or scar tissure formed
*granuloma formation |
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Term
| treatment: anti-inflammatory medication |
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Definition
*reduce prostagladin (Pg) production
*reduce pain (anagletic effect)
*reduce ever (antipyretic effect)
*aspirin or celebrex OR corticosteroids (glcucorticoids, cortisol-human body's steroid) |
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Term
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Definition
*antibodies
*surgical removal of the inflamed organ
*RICE -'rest, ice, compression, elevation' |
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Term
inflammation healing:
resolution: |
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Definition
| complete restoration of the intial tissue structure at the site of injury and inflammation |
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Term
inflammation healing:
regeneration: |
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Definition
| healing with a minimal tissue damage. some scarring (fibrosis) will be present. |
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Term
inflammation healing:
complete fibrosis |
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Definition
| replacement with scar tissue (connective tissue) |
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Term
| inflammation, healing by first intention: |
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Definition
*when the wound is clean
*less granulation tissue
*much less scar tissue
*clean sugical incisions |
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Term
| inflammation, healing by second intention |
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Definition
*injury and inflammation
*granulation tissue and epithelial growth
*large scare remains |
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