Term
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Definition
| Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains purity of blood and other body fluids by disposing of waste products |
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Term
| Urinary System special components list |
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Definition
| Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine |
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Term
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Definition
| from breakdown of amino acids from normal protein recycling; regulates blood volume and chemical makeup |
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Term
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Definition
| from nucleic acid turnover |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the breakdown of creatine phosphate (which stores energy for ATP formation) |
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Term
| Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Color and shape |
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Definition
| Red-brown and bean shaped |
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Term
| Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Location |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Location of both kidneys relative to each other |
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Definition
| Right kidney is slightly inferior to left |
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Term
| Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Surfaces |
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Definition
| Lateral surface is convex, medial is concave |
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Term
| Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Renal Capsule |
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Definition
| surrounds each kidney (dense CT layer), maintains shape |
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Term
| Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Cushioning |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Two regions |
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Definition
| Cortex (outer) and Medulla (inner) |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Cortex components |
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Definition
| Renal corpuscles (filters)and renal columns |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Cortex: Renal columns |
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Definition
| Extend into inner region and separate pyramids |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Medulla |
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Definition
| Medullary (renal) pyramids – base and apex (papilla); are striated (group of nephrons) |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Lobes |
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Definition
| pyramid and cortical tissue |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus overview |
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Definition
| space in medial portion of kidney, opening to hilum |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus contains... |
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Definition
| renal vessels, nerves, fat, renal pelvis, and calices |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus: Renal Pelvis |
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Definition
| flat tube, superior portion of ureter |
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Term
| Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus: Calyx |
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Definition
| extension of renal pelvis, major or minor (cup-shaped tubes that surround papillae (apex) of the pyramids) |
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: Overview |
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Definition
| Kidneys cleanse blood, so they have a rich blood supply |
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: List of arteries and flow |
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Definition
| Abdominal aorta to renal arteries to segmental arteries |
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: Abdominal Aorta |
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Definition
| branches laterally to form renal aarteries |
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: Renal Arteries |
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Definition
| divide into segmental arteries which enter the hilum |
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: Segmental arteries |
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Definition
| divide into interlobar arteries within the renal sinus which then travel through the renal columns |
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Term
| Blood Supply to Kidneys: Veins and arteries |
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Definition
| Trace the arteries pathway backwards |
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: There are no.... veins |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood supply to Kidneys: Vein route |
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Definition
| Interlobar veins drain into renal veins which dump into the inferior vena cava |
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Term
| Nervous Supply to Kidneys: Provided by... |
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Definition
| Renal plexus (autonomic fibers and ganglia) |
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Term
| Nervous Supply to Kidneys: Sympathetic fibers control... |
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Definition
| The diameters of renal arteries and influence urine-formation function |
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Term
| Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Nephron |
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Definition
| structural and functional unit of the kidney, crowded together in kidney |
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Term
| Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Nephron is surrounded by... |
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Definition
| Loose CT (interstitial CT) |
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Term
| Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Ways it produces urine |
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Definition
| Filtration, reabsorption, secretion |
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Term
| Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Filtration |
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Definition
| blood filtrate enters nephron from capillaries |
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Term
| Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Reabsorption |
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Definition
| nutrients, water, ions are returned to blood vessels |
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Term
| Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Secretion |
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Definition
| undesired substances move from blood to urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Renal corpuscle, renal tubule |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Tubule is divided into |
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Definition
| Proximal conculuted tubule, nephron loop, distal convuluted tubule, collecting duct |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Corpuscle location |
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Definition
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Corpuscle: Glomerulus |
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Definition
| “ball” of capillaries w/ many pores |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Corpuscle: Glomerulus is surrounded by... |
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Definition
| by glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule), with capsular space |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Corpuscle: Glomerulus filtration membrane |
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Definition
| filter between blood and capsular space |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Tubule: Proximal convulted tubule location and function |
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Definition
| Located in renal cortex, have microvilli to help resorb ions, water and solutes |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Tubule: Nephron loop (extends into medulla) two limbs |
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Definition
| Descending and ascending limb |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Tubule: Nephron loop descending limb |
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Definition
| Thin segment (narrowest part of nephron) |
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Term
| Nephron: Renal Tubule: Nephron loop ascending limb |
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Definition
| Portion of thin segment, thick segment |
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Term
| Nephron: Nephron Tubule: Distal convoluted tubule location and function |
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Definition
| located in renal cortex, and preforms some reabsorption and secretion |
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Term
| Nephron: Nephron Tubule: Collecting Ducts function and route |
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Definition
| Receives urine from several nephrons; goes through cortex into deep medulla eventually empty into minor calices |
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Term
| Nephron: Nephron tubule: Distal convuluted tubule and collecting ducts |
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Definition
| These two structures together conserve body fluids. ADH increases their permeability and water is resorbed by surrounding structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cortical and juxtamedullary (based on location) |
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Term
| Nephron classes: Cortical location and percentage of total nephrons |
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Definition
| Located mostly in cortex (loop of Henle extends into medulla); 85% of kidney's nephrons |
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Term
| Nephron classes: Juxtamedullary location and percentage of total nephrons |
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Definition
| Renal corpuscles are located at cortex-medulla border; have long loops of Henle, remaining 15% which allow for production of concentrated urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carry urine from kidneys to bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins as a continuation of the renal pelvis and runs retroperitoneally through abdomen and enters pelvis to get to bladder |
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Term
| Ureters: enter bladder... |
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Definition
| obliquely to prevent backflow |
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Term
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Definition
| Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia |
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Term
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Definition
| Transitional epithelium and lamina propria |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner longitudinal and outer circular layer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| causes contraction (peristaltic waves), as urine doesn't reach the bladder just by gravity |
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Term
| Urinary Bladder: Physical description |
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Definition
| Collapsible, distensible, and muscular sac |
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Term
| Urinary Bladder: Function |
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Definition
| Stores and eliminates urine |
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Term
| Urinary Bladder: Location |
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Definition
| Inferior to peritoneal cavity, posterior to public symphysis |
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Term
| Urinary Bladder: Location in males |
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Definition
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Term
| Urinary Bladder: Location in females |
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Definition
| Anterior to vagina and uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| Transitional epithelium and lamina propria, muscular layer (detrusor muscle), Adventia |
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Term
| Urinary Bladder holds how much urine when full |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of smooth muscle and inner layer of mucosa |
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Term
| Urethra: Description and function |
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Definition
| Thin-walled tube, drains urine from bladder out of body |
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Term
| Urethra: Internal urethral sphincter |
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Definition
| located between bladder and urethra, involuntary control |
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Term
| Urethra: External urethral sphincter |
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Definition
| located at distal end of urethra, voluntary control |
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Term
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Definition
| is much shorter than the male urethra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Detrusor muscle contracts, assisted by abdominal wall muscles |
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Term
| Micturition is controlled by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Micturition: Entire process |
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Definition
| Urine accumulates, bladder wall stretches and activates stretch receptors, sensory signals sent to pons, parasympathetic neurons signal detrusor muscle to contract |
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Term
| Micturition: Incontinence |
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Definition
| inability to control micturition |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood to renal corpuscle to proximal convoluted tubule to loop of Henle to distal convoluted tubule to collecting duct to papillary duct to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvus to ureter to bladder to urethra to micturition |
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Term
| Renal calculi (kidney stones) |
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Definition
| Minerals in urine crystallize; most can pass, but some become too big and obstruct a ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of renal pelvis and calices |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of entire kidney |
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Term
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) |
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Definition
| A genetic disorder, cysts form and enlarge, no obvious symptoms until age 30-40 |
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