Term
| How would observations of transitional features be explained under the theory of special creation? |
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Definition
| The theory of special creation would clai that the fossil and extant sloths were both create 6000 years ago, but that the fossil species became extinct during the flood in Noah's time, described in the bible. it is not clear how the theory of special creation would explain the transitonal features observed in the fossil record. |
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Term
| How would observations of vegistial traits be explained if evolution occurred via inheritance of acquired characters? |
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Definition
| If vegetal traits result from inheritance acquired characteristics, some individuals must have lost the traits during their own lifetimes and passed the reduced traits on t their offspring. For example, a certain moneky's longtail might have been bitten off by a predator, or an ape's hair might have been pulled out of it skin by a rival during a fight. The new trait would then somehow have passed to the individuals's eggs and sperm, reuslting in shorter tialed and less hair off spring until humans with a cocyx and goose bumps resulted. |
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Term
| List Darwin's four postulates, and indicate which are related to heritable variation and which are related to differential reproductive success. |
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Definition
Postulate 1: traits vary within a population. Postulate 2: some of the trait variation is heritable. Postulate 3: there is variation in the reproductive success( some individuals produce more offspring than others).
Postulate 4: individuals with certain heritable traits produce the most offspring. The first two postulates describe heritable variation; the second two describe differential reproductive success. |
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Term
| Explain how data on beak and shape and body size of Galapago finch populations provide examples of heritable variation and differential reproductive success? |
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Definition
| Beak size and shape and body size vary among individual finches, in part because of difference in their genotypes (some alleles lead to larger or a narrower beaks, for example). When a drought hit, individuals with deep beaks survived better and produced more offspring than individuals with shallow beaks. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between the biological definition of adaptation and its use in everyday English and explain the difference between acclimation and adaptation? |
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Definition
When certain individuals are selected, their traits do not change-they simply produce more offspring than other indiviudauls. Adaptations are not optimal solutions ot challenges posed by a particular environment because they are compromised by the nnecessity of meeting many challenges at the same time (an adaptive solution to one problem such as flying faster may make naothe rproblem worse such as being maneuverable in flight).
The alck of optiaml allees or pressence of alleles that affect more than one trait; and the necessity of selecting only preexisting vairation in traits. |
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Term
| Predict how changes in Mycobacerium populations would be explained under the theor of special creation and under evolution by inhertiance of acquired characters? |
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Definition
| Under the theory of special creation, changes in Mycobacterium populations would be explained as individual creative events governmed by an intelligent creator. Under the theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characters, changes in Mycobacterium populations would be explained by the cells trying to transcribe genes in the pressence of the drug, and the rpoB gene becoming altered. |
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Term
| Expalin the difference between biological and everday English defintions of fitness. |
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Definition
| In biology, fitness is the ability of an individual to produce offspring, relative to that ability in other individuals in the population. |
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Term
| Discuess how an adaption such as large brains of homo sapiens or the ability of falcons to fly very fast-is constrain? |
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Definition
| Brain size in H, spaiens might be constrained by the need for babies to pass through the mother's birth canal, by the energy required to maintain a large brain as an adult or flying spped might be constrained by loss of maneueverablity (an thus less success in hunting), the enrgy demands of extremely rapid flight, or lack of genetic variaiion for even faster flight. |
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