Term
| What comprises a network of glands that produce and secrete chemical messengers called hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What secrete chemicals for elimination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary link between the nervous system and endocrine system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is not a gland, but a small region of the brain that contains several control centers for body functions and emotions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is located in the posterior end of the third ventricle of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What synthesizes an secretes melatonin, which is a hormone that has an effect on sleep/wake patterns and seasonal functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is often referred to as the master gland because its secretions orchestrate the activity of other endocrine glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is located at the base of the brain and is about the size of a grape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 regions is the pituitary gland divided into? |
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Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Pituitary 1213 |
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Term
| What produces and secretes 7 hormones (growth, thyroid-stimulating, adrenocorticotropin, melatonin-simulating, and 3 gonadotropic hormones)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What secretes 2 hormones ADH and oxytocin but does not produce them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland secretes thyroxine when the body's metabolic rate decreases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the body's major metabolic hormone, stimulates energy production in the cells, which increases the rate at which cells consume oxygen and use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland secretes calcitonin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a component of the immune system that is located anteriorly and superiorly in the chest, posterior to the sternum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are white blood cells that assist the lymphatic system with immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells evolve from stem cells located in the thymus that are produced in the bone marrow? |
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Definition
| T Lymphocytes or T Cells 1214 |
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Term
| What are the 3 different types of T-cells? |
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Definition
| Killer, Helper, and Suppressor T-Cells 1214 |
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Term
| What are paired triangular structures located on top of the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two parts does the adrenal gland consist of? |
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Definition
| Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla 1216 |
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Term
| What is the outer part of the adrenal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inner part of the adrenal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a digestive gland that is considered both an endocrine gland and exocrine gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cell groups within the pancreas act like an organ within an organ? |
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Definition
| Islets of Langerhans 1216 |
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Term
| What are the main hormones secreted by the islets of Langerhans? |
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Definition
| Glucagon and Insulin 1216 |
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Term
| What hormone is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is screted by beta cells in the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is secreted by the delta cells, is responsible for the inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a starch form of the sugar glucose made up of thousands of glucose units? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main source of sex hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are located in the scrotum an produce hormones called androgens in men? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important androgen in men? |
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Definition
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Term
| What regulates body changes associated with sexual development (puberty), including growth spurts, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and pubic hair, and muscle growth and strength? |
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Definition
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Term
| What releases the eggs and secrete the hormones estrogen and progeterone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What signals the anterior pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone (LDH) when an egg is developing in an ovarian follicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an increased appetite caused by the inability of glucose to be transported across the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a significant thirst caused by dehydration brought about by an increase in diuresis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the passage of large quantities of urine containing glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the principal cause of kidney failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is inadequate blood flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is nerve damage that results in a loss of sensation and function in the area innervated by the affected nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one of the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an unusual waveform that has a repetitive, uniform seesaw pattern, representing an alternating current? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes and is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis? |
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Definition
| Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HONK) or Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Nonketotic Coma (HHNC) 1230 |
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Term
| What is an inflammation of the pancreas, can occur as either acute or a chronic condition, and is more common in men? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common causes of pancreatitis? |
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Definition
| Gallstones and Chronic Alcohol Abuse 1231 |
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Term
| What is a type of cancer that affects the epithelial cells lining glandular tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is characterized by decreased function of the adrenal cortex and consequent underproduction of cortisol and aldosterone? |
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Definition
| Adrenal insufficiency 1231 |
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Term
| What is darkening of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a tumor of the adrenal gland, usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones epinephrne and norepinephrine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a condition of the adrenal gland in which there is inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone? |
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Definition
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) 1233 |
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Term
| What is the most severe and common cause of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an autoimmune disorder in which the thyroid gland hypertrophies, or enlarges, as its activity increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is end-stage renal disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cloudy film that forms when fructose and sorbitol are deposited in the lens of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a pinprick sensation in the hands, feet, arms, or legs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the absence of sensation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a term used to describe a large baby? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main function of the endocrine system and its hormone messengers? |
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Definition
| Maintain Homeostasis and Promote Permanent Structural Changes 1212 |
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Term
| What are the liver, sweat glands, and salivary glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary link between the endocrine system and nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What acts as an antagonist to calcitonin? |
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Definition
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) 1214 |
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Term
| What is secreted when calcium blood levels are low? |
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Definition
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) 1214 |
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Term
| What gland produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticords, and sex hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland regulates the body's metabolism, its balance of salt and water, the immune system, and sexual function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland produces hormones called catecholamines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a glucocorticoid that increases metabolic rate, using fat and protein for energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a mineralocorticoid the reabsorbs sodium and water from the urine, and excretes excess potassium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the increased conversion of glycogen to glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is passing large amounts of urine because of the high solute concentration of the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What refers to benign cysts that are present in glandular tissue and may affect the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What have an impact on the endocrine and nervous systems and begin in the endocrine-secreting cells? |
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Definition
| Neuroendocrine Tumors 1231 |
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Term
| What are protruding eyeballs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a toxic condition caused by excessive levels of circulating thyroid hormone? |
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Definition
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