Term
HDL
1. What does it stand for?
2. What does it carry and to where?
3. What does the liver do with them?
4. What does it do for the arteries?
5. What can the amount of HDL predict?
6. Is High or Low HDL good? |
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Definition
1. High- density Lipoprotien
2. Carries cholesterol from the periphery back to the liver
3. The liver makes the HDL proteins as an "empty sake"
4. Acts as a drain for the arteries which can prevent excess cholesterol from forming into arterial plaque (part of atherosclerosis)
5. Can predict the chances of a heart attack
6. High HDL is good. |
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Term
| If a diabetic has metabolic acidosis, his breathing will ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
VLDL
1. What does it stand for?
2. Where are they formed?
3. What do they contain?
4. Where doe they go? and what happens then?
5. What do they turn into after losing their triglycerides? |
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Definition
1. Very-low-density lipoproteins
2. Formed in the liver
3. Contains: 50% triglycerides
25% cholesterol
25% other
4. They are transported to FAT CELLS where they inject the triglycerides in to the cell (adipose)
5. they turn into LDL's |
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Term
| How do lipids become water soluble? |
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Definition
| Answer: they are carried by lipoproteins |
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Term
| What are the 6 main things the liver does in metabolism? |
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Definition
1. Balances blood glucose levels
2. Balances lipids
3. Balances Amino Acids
4. Makes Plasma proteins
5. Stores Fat soluble vitamins and iron
6. Breaks down or converts unwanted molecules |
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Term
True or False
H+ and pH cure inversely correlated.
[if H+ goes up, pH goes down and if H+ goes down, pH goes up] |
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Definition
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Term
| How can the lungs help to remove hydrogen ions? |
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Definition
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Term
Severe vomiting (losing acid) or OD of antacids results in 1. __________
The Lab values will... (assume uncompensated) |
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Definition
| Answer: metabolic Alkalosis. |
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Term
| What type of pH imbalance is occurring? |
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Definition
| Answer: (uncompensated) Metabolic Alkalosis. |
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Term
| What type of pH imbalance is occurring? |
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Definition
| Answer: Respiratory Acidosis. |
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Term
| If there is a respiratory problem, the 1.______ will compensate. If there is a metabolic problem, the 2.________ will compensate. |
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Definition
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Term
Block respiration (smoking/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or OD of drugs results in 1.______.
The lab values will (assume uncompensated) |
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Definition
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Term
Hyperventilation (excitement or surprised) will result in 1.______.
The lab values will (assume uncompensated) |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pH imbalance is occurring? |
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Definition
| Answer: Respiratory Alkalosis. |
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Term
| With hyperventilation, the metabolic acidosis is 1._____, pH will be 2. ______, the CO, will be 3._____ , the H+ will be 4.______, and the HCO3- will be 5.______ |
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Definition
1. Compensated.
2. pH will be slightly low
3. CO2 will be slightly high
4. H+ will be slightly increased/high
5. HCO3- will be very low. |
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Term
Body making too much acid (diabetes/alcoholism) or not able to get rid of enough (kidney disease) results in 1._______
The lab values will (assume uncompensated) |
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Definition
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Term
| For metabolic pH imbalances, what is the first thing that chances (increase/decrease)? |
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Definition
| Answer: H+ (hydrogen ion) |
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Term
LDL
1. What does it stand for?
2. How are they formed?
3. What do they carry and where to?
4. Is Low or High LDL high?
5. What do they contain? |
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Definition
1. Low-density- lipoproteins
2. Formed from depleted VLDL
3. They carry cholesterol from the Liver to the Peripheral cells then to whichever cells need cholesterol.
4. Low LDL is good.
5. Contains: 50% cholesterol and 50% other. |
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Term
Chylomicrons.
1. What are they?
2. What do they contain?
3. Where are they made?
4. How do they enter the blood stream?
5. Low or High Density? |
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Definition
1. Water Soluble lipoprotein
2. Contains whatever lipids are in your diet. -> mainly triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol.
3. Made in the intestine
4. They are too large to enter the blood stream through capillary walls -> instead, they are absorbed by the lymphatic capillaries called lacteals. Lymph is later emptied into the blood stream.
5. Lowest Density of lipoproteins. |
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Term
Bile Salts.
1. What do they do?
2. Why do they work?
3. Where are they produced?
4. Where are they stored?
5. When are they released?
6. What do they contain? |
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Definition
1. Bile Salts emulsify fat into very small droplets.
2. They work because they have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic side.
3. Produced in the Liver
4. Stored in the Gall Bladder
5. Released into the Duodenum when Fat leaves the stomach
6. Cholesterol. |
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Term
| What is the first lipoprotein we make after a meal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is necessary to produce ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
ATP is produced in betaoxidation |
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Definition
| Answer: False -> produced by CAC (Citric Acid Cycle) and Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| Fat produces almost 1._____ as much 2._____ per gram as Glucose or Amino Acid. |
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Definition
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Term
Beta Oxidation
IN:
1. 2 C's from ______
2. _______
3. 2 oxidized coenzymes _______
OUT:
4. _______
5. 2 reduced coenzymes ______ |
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Definition
IN:
1. 2 C's from fatty acids
2. CoA
3. 2 oxidized coenzymes NAD+
OUT:
4. AcCoA
5. 2 reduced coenzymes NADH |
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Term
| What are they 3 sources from which lipids enter metabolism? |
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Definition
Answer:
1. The Diet
2. Storage in adipose tissue
3. Synthesis in the Liver. |
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Term
When CAC cannot run at full speed, excess Acetyl-CoA has the acetyl group taken off, which are converted Ketone Bodies.
1. Why is there excess Acetyl-CoA?
2. Why do they Acetyl groups need to taken off?
3. If we cant use the Acetyl groups for energy, how does beta oxidation give us energy? |
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Definition
1. Because CAC is only pathway that used it and its not working?
2. need CoA for Beta Oxidation
3. NADH |
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Term
When Diabetes is out of control...
The specific name of the condition is 1._____
The general name of the condition is 2._____ |
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Definition
1. Diabetic keto acidosis.
2. Metabolic acidosis. |
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Term
True or False:
Ketone bodies can later be degraded to energy once the CAC is at full speed again. |
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Definition
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Term
Lipogensis
1. What is it?
2. What does it uses as a source of chemical energy? |
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Definition
1. Biochemical pathway for synthesis of fatty acids Acetyl-coA
2. Used reduced coenzymes (NADH) |
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Term
| For Respiratory pH imbalances, what is the first thing that changes (increase/decreases)? |
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Definition
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Term
Hint:
Acidosis -> Increase [CO2], [H+]
Decrease [pH]
But Metabolic -> [HCO3-] decreases
Respiratory -> [HCO3] increase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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