Term
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Definition
| Breathing; consists of inspiration and expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the lungs |
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Definition
| Exhange of gases between blood and tissue fluid and between tissue fluid and cells |
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Definition
| Divides the naval cavity; Formed anteriorly by the septal cartilage and posteriorly by the vomer bone and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone |
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Definition
| (P pul) pressure in the alveoli. It rises and falls with the phases of breathing, but it always equalizes with the atmospheric pressure eventually. |
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Term
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Definition
| (P ip) pressure in the pleural cavity. Fluctuates with breathing phases, but is always about 4 mm Hg less than P pul. That is P ip is always negative relative to P pul |
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Term
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Definition
| Force that air exerts on the surface of the body (760mm Hg at sea level) |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures (Ppul - Pip) that keeps the air spaces of the lungs open, ie. keeps the lungs from collapsing |
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Definition
| states that when the temperature is constant the pressure of gas varies inversely with its volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| air moving into the lungs |
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Definition
| air moving out of the lungs |
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Definition
| secretion produced by certain cells of the alveoli that reduces the surface tension of water molecules thus preventing the collapse of the alveoli after each expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory volume - during normal, quiet breathing about 500ml of air moves into and then out of the lungs with each breath. |
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Term
| Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
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Definition
| the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (2100 - 3200ml) |
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Term
| Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
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Definition
| the amount of air normally 100-1200 ml that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air remaining in lungs even after the most strenuous expiration - about 1200 ml. This helps to keep the alveoli patent (open) and prevent lung collapse |
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Term
| Inspiratory capacity (IC) |
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Definition
| the total amount of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal volume expiration; TV + IRV |
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Term
| Functional residual capacity (FRC) |
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Definition
| represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration; RV + ERV |
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Term
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Definition
| total amount of exchangeable air. TV + IRV + ERV. Approximately 4800 ml in healthy young males. |
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Term
| Total lung capacity (TLC) |
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Definition
| sum of all lung volumes and is normally aroung 6,000 ml |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of inspired air that fills the conducting respiratory passageways and never contributes to gas exhange in the alveoli - amounts to approx. 150ml |
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Term
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Definition
| a small electronic device which measures various lung volumes and capacities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the total amount of gas that flows into or out of the respiratory track in one minute. Usually about 6L/minute |
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Term
| Forced vital capacity (FVC) |
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Definition
| Measures the amount of gas expelled when a subject takes a deep breath and the forcefully exhales maximally and as rapidly as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture |
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Term
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Definition
| states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid the gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| osygen-bound form of hemoglobin/ oxygen binds to iron |
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Term
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Definition
| hemoglobin that has released oxygen; Reduced hemoglobin. |
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Term
| Abdominal thrust maneuver |
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Definition
| a first aid procedure used to treat choking. The patient's diaphragm is pressured by the performer's thumb knuckle to expel air and thereby dislodging the obstruction in the windpipe. |
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Term
| Adult respiratory distress syndrome(AARDS) |
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Definition
| a dangerous lung condition that can develop after severe illness or injury to the body. Neutrophils leave the body's capillaries in large numbers and then secrete chemicals that increase capillary permeability. The capillary rich lungs are heavily affected. As the lungs fill with fluid the patient suffocates. Even with mechanical ventilation it is hard to control and often lethal. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of an infected pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) |
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Definition
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Definition
| a lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles |
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Definition
| a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing unconsciousness or death; (suffocation, asphyxy - asphyxiation) |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) Inhaling or drawing something into the lungs or respiratory passages. Pathological aspiration -drawing vomit or excessive mucus into the lungs - may occur when a person is unconscious or anesthetized: turning the head to one side is preventive. (2) with drawing fluid by suction (use of an aspirator) done during surgery to keep an area free of blood and other body fluids; mucus is aspirated from the trachea of tracheotomy patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by episodes of coughing, dyspena, wheezing and chest tightness - alone or in combination. |
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Term
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Definition
| anthracosis: lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which the bronchial tubes become inflamed. These tubes carry air to your lungs. People with this often have a cough that brings up mucus. Mucus is a slimy substance made by the lining of the bronchial tubes. It may also cause wheezing (a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe), chest pain or discomfort, a low fever and shortness of breath. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| use of a viewing tube inserted through the nose or mouth to examine the internal surface of the main bronchi in the lung. Forceps attached to the tip of the tube can remove trapped objects or take samples of mucus for examination. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal breathing pattern sometimes seen just before death (death rattle) and in people with combined neurological and cardiac disorders. |
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Term
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
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Definition
| Emphysema and chronic bronchitis - an irreversible decrease in the ability to force air out of the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; runny nose. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic disorder in which secretion of overly viscous mucus clogs the respiratory passages, predisposes to fatal respiratory infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which the nasal septum takes a more lateral course than usual and may obstruct breathing; often manifests in old age or from nose trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| difficult or labored breathing; air hunger. |
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Definition
| distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli, accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls. |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin plastic tube threaded into the trachea through the nose or mouth; used to deliver oxygen to patients who are breathing inadequately, in a coma, or under anesthesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nosebleed; commonly follows trauma to the nose or excessive nose blowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when body cells are unable to use oxygen even though adequate amounts are delivered. |
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Term
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Definition
| a decrease in the depth and rate of breathing characterized by an increase in blood carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| indicated by reduced arterial oxygen pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which inadequate oxygen is available to tissues. |
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Term
| Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) |
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Definition
| too little surfactant is present, causing surface tension to collapse the avleoli; peculiar to premature babies. |
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Term
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Definition
| a viral infection that affects mainly the nose, throat, bronchi and, occasionally, lungs. Infection usually lasts for about a week, and is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, aching muscles, headache and severe malaise, non-productive cough, sore throat and rhinitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| results from impaired or blocked blood circulation. stagnant |
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Term
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Definition
| leading cause of cancer death in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanically assisted breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| mushroomlike benign growths of the nasal mucosa; sometimes caused by infections, but most often cause is unknown. May block air flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to breathe in the horizontal (lying down) position. |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat. |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious inflammation of the lungs, in which fluid accumulates in the alveoli; the 8th most common cause of death in the US. |
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Term
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Definition
| leakage of fluid into the air sacks and tissue of the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus (most often a blood clot that has been carried from the lower limbs and through the right side of the heart into the pulmonary circulation). Symptoms are chest pain, productive bloody cough, tachycardia, and rapid, shallow, breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| formation or development of excess fibrous connective tissue in the lungs; "scarring of the lung". |
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Term
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Definition
| whooping cough; a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal ratling sound heard when examining unhealthy lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| an apparatus used to induce artificial respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip. |
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Term
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
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Definition
| a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cessation of breathing temporarily during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a problem of voice production in which the first syllable of words is repeated in "machine-gun" fashion. |
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Term
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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Definition
| unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally rapid breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical opening of the trachea; done to provide an alternate route for air to reach the lungs when more superior respiratory passageways are obstructed (as by food or a crushed larynx). |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious disease spreadby coughing and primarily enters the body in inhaled air. |
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Term
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Definition
| a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing, as a result of obstruction in the air passages. |
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