Term
| What does a panoramic radiograph show? |
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Definition
| a wide view of the upper and lower jaws in a single image |
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Term
| What does panoramic radiograph supplement? |
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Definition
| periapicals and bitewings |
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Term
| How are panoramic images compared to intraoral images? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does the receptor and xray tube move in a panoramic machine? |
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Definition
| around the patients head. The x-ray tube rotates in one direction while the receptor rotates opposite |
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Term
| Can a patient stand during a pan radiograph? |
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Definition
| yes they may stand or sit in a stationary position |
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Term
|
Definition
| process by which movement of the receptor and tubehead produce an image |
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Term
| What does the tomography radiograph technique show? |
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Definition
| allows the imaging of one section of the body while bluring images from structures in other planes |
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Term
| What is the location center? |
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Definition
| the pivotal point around which the cassette carrier and x-ray tubehead rotate |
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Term
| How does the number and location of rotation centers impact the focal trough? |
|
Definition
| impact the size and shape |
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|
Term
| What is the focal trough? |
|
Definition
| three-dimensional curved zone where the oral structures are well defined on a panoramic radiograph |
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|
Term
| What are positioned within the focal trough? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines if the teeth will be in the focal trough or not? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the xray tubehead on a pan machine like? |
|
Definition
| similar to intraoral xray tubehead |
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|
Term
| Is the pan collimator the same as intraoral? |
|
Definition
| differs from the one in intraoral tubehead |
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|
Term
| What is a collimator on a pan machine like? |
|
Definition
| lead plate with an opening in the shape of a narrow vertical slit |
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Term
| What is the x-ray beam like on a pan machine? |
|
Definition
| exits xray tube through collimator as a narrow band |
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Term
|
Definition
| passes through the patient and exposes the receptor through another vertical slit in the cassette carrier |
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|
Term
| What is the vertical angulation on pan machines? |
|
Definition
| fixed so the x-ray beam is directed slightly upward |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of the head positioner? |
|
Definition
| alligns the patient's teeth |
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Term
| What are the components of the head postitioner? (4) |
|
Definition
1.chin rest
2.notched biteblock
3.forehead rest
4.lateral head supports or guides |
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|
Term
| Is the mA and kVp fixed for each patient? |
|
Definition
| no they are varied for different sized patients |
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|
Term
| Does the exposure time vary on pan machines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of film is used in pan machines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is screen film sensitive to? |
|
Definition
| light from an intensifying screen |
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|
Term
| What is screen film placed in? |
|
Definition
| placed between two intensifying screens in a cassette holder |
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|
Term
| How do the screens produce an image? |
|
Definition
| converts xray energy to into light which then exposes the film and a latent image is produced |
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|
Term
| What color light does calcium tungstate emit? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What color light does rare earth emit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does calcium tungstate or rare earth require less xray exposure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| device used to hold the extraoral film and intensifying screens |
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Term
| What are the different types of casssettes? (4) |
|
Definition
1.rigid
2.flexible
3.curved
4.straight |
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|
Term
| What must the cassette be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the cassette marked and why? |
|
Definition
-to orient the finished radiograph
-labeled L for patient left and R for patients right |
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|
Term
| Where do you load the film into the panoramic cassette? |
|
Definition
| in the darkroom under safelight conditions |
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|
Term
| What should be done with the biteblock? |
|
Definition
| either covered with barrier or sterilized between each patient |
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|
Term
| Should you explain the pan radiograph procedure to a patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a patient getting a pan wear a lead apron? Do they wear the thyroid collar? |
|
Definition
| yes, they wear one without a thyroid collar |
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|
Term
| What kind of lead apron is used? |
|
Definition
| a double sided lead apron |
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|
Term
| What are some things that must be removed before a patient gets a pan radiograph? |
|
Definition
| jewelry and removable dental appliances |
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|
Term
| How should you instruct a patient to sit or stand? |
|
Definition
| as tall as possible with the back straight and erect |
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|
Term
| After you instruct a patient on how to stand/sit what should they do next? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How should the patients midsaggital plane be? |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the floor |
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|
Term
| How should the patients frankfort plane be positioned? |
|
Definition
| parallel to the floor: from tragus of the ear to the floor of the eye orbit |
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|
Term
| Where should the lateral vertical line run? |
|
Definition
| center of the maxillary canine |
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|
Term
| How can you check the position of the lateral vertical line? |
|
Definition
| have the patient say cheese so you can see their teeth |
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|
Term
| How should you instruct the patient to place their tongue and lips during a pan radiograph? |
|
Definition
-tongue in roof of mouth whole time
-close lips around biteblock
-remain still
-expose the patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiographic artifact seen on panoramic image |
|
|
Term
| When are ghost images produced? |
|
Definition
| produced with a radiodense(metalicm bony) object is penetrated twice by the xray beam |
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|
Term
| What is a lead apron artifact? |
|
Definition
| radiopaque cone-shaped artifact that obscures diagnostic information |
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|
Term
| What is a lead apron artifact caused from? |
|
Definition
| lead apron being improperly placed |
|
|
Term
| **stopped at 28 in slide show** |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should the frankfort plane be alligned? |
|
Definition
| through tragus and bottom of eye orbit |
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|
Term
| What happens if lips are not closed? |
|
Definition
| dark shadow obscures anterior teeth |
|
|
Term
| What happens if tongue is not on the roof of the mouth? |
|
Definition
| shadow obscures apicies of maxillay teeth |
|
|
Term
| What happens if a patients chin is too high? |
|
Definition
| reverse smile appears on radiograph |
|
|
Term
| What happens if a patients chin is too low? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if a patients teeth are too far foward on the biteblock? |
|
Definition
| the anterior teeth appear skinny and out of focus |
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|
Term
| What happens if a patients teeth are too far back on the biteblock? |
|
Definition
| teeth appear fat and out of focus |
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|
Term
| What happens if a patients head(midsaggital plane) is not centered? |
|
Definition
| the ramus and postetior teeth further from the receptor appear magnified |
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|
Term
| What happens if a patient is not sitting or standing with a straight spine? |
|
Definition
| the cervical spine appears as a radiopacity in the image, obscures diagnostic information |
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Term
| What are some advantages of panoramic radiography? |
|
Definition
-field size
-simplicity
-patient cooperation
-minimal exposure |
|
|
Term
| What are some disatvantages of panoramic radiography? |
|
Definition
-image quality(not as sharp, cant be used to detect decay, perio disease, or periapical lesions)
-focal trough limitations
-distortion
-cost |
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