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| is anything that occupies space and has mass; exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous states |
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| is stored energy, that is inactive energy that has the potential, or capacity, to do work but is not presently doing so |
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| unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods |
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| is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus |
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| is the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons |
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| have the same number of protons (and electrons), but differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
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| is an average of the relative weights (mass numbers) of all the isotopes of an element |
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| are substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed |
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| are homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids |
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| are heterogeneous mixtures, which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture |
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| are heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out; EX. blood |
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| atom that gains one or more electrons; acquires a net negative charge |
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| atom that loses electrons; acquires a net positive charge |
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| large arrays of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds |
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| is a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other |
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| electron sharing produces molecules in which the shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms |
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| molecules formed that are electrically balanced |
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| result of unequal electron pair sharing |
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| have a sour taste, can react with (dissolve) many metals, and are proton donors. 0-7 pH |
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| have a bitter taste, feel slippery, and are proton acceptors. 7-14 pH |
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| the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various body fluids |
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| resist abrupt and large swings in the pH body fluids by releasing hydrogen ions when the pH begins to rise and by binding hydrogen ions when the pH drops |
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| a group of molecules that includes sugars and starches; provide cellular fuel |
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| is the basic structural material of the body |
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| are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts |
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| composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, are the largest molecules in the body; DNA and RNA |
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| structural units of nucleic acids; composed of a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group |
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| is found in the nucleus, where it constitutes the genetic material; major roles: to replicate and to provide basic instructions for building every protein in the body |
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| is located outside the nucleus; carries out orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA |
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