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the vast network of telephone and cable lines and - satellite systems designed to link and carry computer information worldwide.
often described as an information highway.
- originated as a military-government project with national security as one of its goals. |
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granted sweeping new powers to law enforcement agencies for intercepting computer communications, including e-mail messages and web browsing.
anti terrorism law. |
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period spanning the developement of the steam engine in the 1760's to mass assmebly-line production in the 1900's
era that transformed manufacturing and consumer culture |
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| novelty/development stage |
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| inventors and technicians try to solve particular problems, such as making pictures move, transmitting voices through the air without wires or sending mail electronically. |
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inventors and investors determine a practical and marketable use for the new device.
example: early radio or wireless technology relayed messages to and from places where telegraph wires and cables could not go, such as military ships at sea. |
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businesses figure out how to market the new device as an appealing consumer product.
Internet entered this stage with the emergence of the World Wide Web in 1991 and introduction of user friendly browsers like Mosaic in 1993 and Netscape in 1994. |
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- the original internet.
- nicknamed the net
- enabled military and academic researchers to communicate on a distributed network system.
- 2 advantages: communications "traffic" would be less likely to get clogged at a single point and it offered a communication system that was more impervious to technical screw-ups, natural disasters, or military attacks. |
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- one of the most common ways of communicating over the network.
- invented 1971 by computer engineer Ray Tomlinson
- @ symbol signifies location of the computer user.
- first used by universities and government labs. |
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| sites that listed information about particular topics such as health issues, computer programs, or employment services. |
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| (IP) a computer language that allows any computer on a network to send data electronically to any other computer on an equal basis. |
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computers run by individuals, universities, corporations and government agencies.
-operate as entry points for internet traffic and are interconnected by special high speed data lines. |
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| organized computer conferences consisting of bulletin boards and individual messages, or postings that are circulated 24 hours a day via the internet and cover a large range of topics. |
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developed in the late 1980s by software engineer Tim Berners-Lee and the CERN particle physics lab in Switzerland in otder to help scientists better collaborate.
- initially a text data-linking system that allowed computer-accessed information to associate with, or link to other information no mater where it was on the internet. |
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data linking feature of the web.
- breakthrough for those trying to use the internet.
- nonlinear way or organizing information, enables users to click on a highlighted word, phrase, picture or icon and skip directly to other files related to that subject on other computer systems. |
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| HTML (HyperText Markup Language) |
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the written code that creates Web pages and links.
- a language that all computers can read, so computers with varying operating systems can communicate easily. |
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software packages that hep users navigate the web.
- brought the web to mass audiences.
- Mosaic: the first window-based browser to load text and graphics together in a magazine-like layout. |
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| Four leading forces on the internet |
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| Yahoo, Microsoft, AOL and Google |
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entry point to the internet
- Yahoo attempted to dominate this |
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| Internet Service Provider |
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a way to connect millions of home users to its proprietary web system through dial up access.
- AOL attempted to dominate this. |
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helps users find sites on the web
- Google dominates this. |
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on the the original methods to find your way around the web
- rely on people to review and catalogue web sites
- creates categories with hierarchical topic structures that can be browsed. |
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| enables users to send and receive realtime computer messages |
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more advanced, second generation of the internet
- faster network, ten times the fiber-optic capacity.
-scheduled to replace Abilene Network
- supports 2 way interactive digital video |
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| Three innovations that make the Internet a particularly distinct medium |
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1. it's interactive- enabling receivers to respond almost immediately to senders' messages.
2. has become the hub for converging media- connecting consumers to other media and personalizing this experience by calling up mass media on demand.
3. allows individuals to create and distribute their own messages. |
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allows people to become producers rather than consumers of media content.
- due to the fact that the internet is decentralized and unhierarchical, there are no gatekeepers to prevent individuals ls from creating and displaying their own messages. |
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(one of the three key technological developments that allows today's online media convergence)
- images, texts and sounds that use pulses of electric current or flashes of laser lights and are converted (or encoded) into electronic signals represented as varied combinations of binary numbers, usually ones and zeros; these signals are then reassembled (decoded) as a precise reproduction of a TV picture, a magazine article, or telephone voice. |
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(one of the three key technological developments that allows today's online media convergence)
miniature circuits that can process and store electronic signals.
- facilitated the integration of thousands of transistors and related circuitry into thin strands of silicon along which binary codes traveled.
- manufacturers were able to introduce the first personal computers. |
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(one of the three key technological developments that allows today's online media convergence)
-featured thin glass bundles of fiber capable of transmitting thousands of messages that had been digitally converted into shooting pulses of light.
-allows information to be transmitted via lasers |
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| process by which old and new media are available via integration of personal computers and high speed satellite based phone or cable links. |
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| Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
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| sweeping update of telecommunications law that led to a wave of media consolidation. |
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| non-commercial software shared freely and developed collectively on the internet. |
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sites that contain articles in a chronological, journal like form, often with reader comments and links to other articles on the web.
- updated frequently.
- "vlogs" : video blogs. |
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| 3 issues about the Internet that have commanded the most attention |
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1. suitability of online material
2. security of personal and private information
2. accessibility of the internet |
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| internet equivalent to unwanted junk mail and backroom gossip. |
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a new twist on identity theft.
- starts with phony e-mail messages that pretend to be from an official site and request that customers send their credit card number and other personal information to update their account. |
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| selling and purchasing product services on the internet, especially as more companies offer products online and assure customers of online security with more rigorous date encryption standards. |
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| information profiles about and user that are usually automatically accepted by the web browser and stored on the user's own computer hard drive. |
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intrusive way of gathering information on users.
- often secretly bundled with free download software. |
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| FTC practice principles for online privacy |
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1. disclose their data-collection practices
2. give concumers options for choosing whether and how personal data may be collected.
3. permit individuals access to their records to ensure data accuracy.
4. secure personal data from unauthorized use. |
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| favored by consumer privacy advocate, require that the website gains explicit permission from online consumers before the site can collect their personal data. |
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| favored by data mining corportions, involve the automatic collection of personal data unless the consumer goes to the trouble of filling out a specific form to "opt-out" of the practice. |
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| growing contrast between "information haves," or Internet users who can afford to acquire multiple media services, and "information have-nots," or people who may not be able to afford a computer or the monthly bills for internet service connections/ |
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| a standard for short distance wireless networking, enabling users of notebook computers and other devices to connect to the internet in cafes, hotels, airports and parks. |
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| product companies and content providers can customize a web page or media form for an individual consumer. |
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