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Founding of the jesuit Order |
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Rome as showcase of papal power |
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Treaty of Westphalia |
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End of Spanish Hapsburg Empire |
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| metal pushed up by a dry point needle |
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| is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen |
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| was conceived as a guide to the symbolism in emblem books |
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| an Italian term which literally means 'light-dark |
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| sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault. |
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| a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature |
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| 16th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) |
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| means "seen from below" or "from below, upward |
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| a printmaking technique of the intaglio family, in which an image is incised into a plate (or "matrix") with a hard-pointed "needle" of sharp metal or diamond point |
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| sculpture with a head, and perhaps a torso, above a plain, usually squared lower section, on which male genitals may also be carved at the appropriate height |
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| are the 20 athletic, nude males that Michelangelo painted as supporting figures at each corner of the five smaller narrative scenes that run along the centre of the ceiling |
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| most commonly refers to a technique used in painting, where paint is laid on an area of the surface (or the entire canvas) very thickly, usually thickly enough that the brush or painting-knife strokes are visible |
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| a family of printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface, known as the matrix or plate, and the incised line or area holds the ink |
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| an who has taken the requisite steps to belong to the Society of Jesus, which may include vows of poverty and obedience. The Jesuit Order is the largest male religious order in the world. |
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| is a Latin narrative poem in fifteen books by the Roman poet Ovid, describing the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar within a loose mythico-historical framework |
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| a formal garden construction on a level surface consisting of planting beds, edged in stone or tightly clipped hedging, and gravel paths arranged to form a pleasing, usually symmetrical pattern. Parterres need not have any flowers at all |
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| a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster |
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| the 16th-century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants sparked by the 1517 posting of Luther's Ninety-five theses |
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| Italian phrase for "carried picture |
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Royal Academy of Painting and
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| , Paris, was founded in 1648, modelled on Italian examples, such as the Accademia di San Luca in Rome |
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| The most prominent practitioner of sfumato was Leonardo da Vinci, and his famous painting of the Mona Lisa exhibits the technique. Leonardo da Vinci described sfumato as "without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke or beyond the focus plane."[2] |
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| a style of painting using very pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image |
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| a type of symbolic work of art especially associated with Northern European still life painting in Flanders and the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries, though also common in other places and periods |
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