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| empiricism/experimental method; said medieval scholars too dependent on Aristotle |
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| old style; Greek or Roman; complex, large, colorful, exciting; glorified battles-lives of saints; |
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| founder of modern chemistry; NATURAL LAWS- govern human nature. |
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| wrote to Voltaire+ Diderot; made some reforms, critical of serfdom(tied to the land) |
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| polis cleric; heliocentric theory-sun center; he wrote on the revolutions of the heavenly bodies |
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| Dec of Ind. Enlightenment ideas |
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| articles of confederation-weak gov't; |
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| 28 volume encyclopedia or classified dictionary of the sciences, arts + occupations; 1751-1772; "to change the general way of thinking";20,000 copies printed |
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| developed analytical geometry(algebra + geometry; not experiments used math + logic' everything doubted until proven by reason |
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| people vote for everything. |
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| Elisabeth-Louis Vigee-Le Brun |
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| Enlightenment promoted these |
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| tight control over subjects; "first servant of the state"-work for common good; admire voltaire; made prussian |
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| built telescope; published dialogue concerning the two chief world systems- book-starry messenger; Jupiter had 4 moons; sun had dark spots; moon had rough,uneven surfaces; against Aristotle; forced to recant "Eppur si muove" but it does move; scientific theory |
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| tom Jones(book)-orphan travels to England to win his lady. |
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| twins-"myself + fear"; people w/out gov't fight against themselves; people naturally cruel, greedy, selfish; describes life w/ no gov't "nasty + short"; "war of everyman against every other man";Belium omnium contra omnes(the war of all against all)social contract-give up natural state for organized society = gov’t for order; only powerful gov’t could make society orderly;absolute monarchy necessary; to escape chaos people gave up freedom to ruler guaranteed peace & order;no rebellion - regardless |
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| how major philosophers influenced U.S. Constitution |
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| important effects of Enlightenment |
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| influenced Bill of Rights |
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| constitution-enlightenment ideas; federal system-national + state gov't; checks + balances |
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| son and successor of Maria Theresa (Hapsburg; wore disguises to know problems of people; known as "peasant emperor"; reformed Austria's and Jews;ended censorship, abolished serfdom; sold monasteries + used money to build hospitals. |
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| use math to conclude planets revolve around sun in a elliptical orbit |
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| laws of universal gravity-every object attracts every other object-depends on mass; |
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| most respected salon; Mozart and Diderot went there. |
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| Montesquieu - beliefs and influences |
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| 1689-1755; admired Britain limited monarchy; divided gov't, 3 branches; separation best to protect liberty-now called checks and balances |
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| Germain- started @ age of 4; died in poverty at age of 35; operas and symphonies. |
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| simple, elegant style; in late 1700's ("new classical") |
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| English; theory all motion-all objects affected=by same forces; studied math and physics @ Cambridge; laws of universal gravity-every object attracts every other object-depends on mass; most important scientific book published the mathematical principles of natural philosophy; universe a clock set in motion by god |
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| Pamela-1st true English novel-servant refuses |
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| logical procedure for gathering + testing ideas:problem or ? , hypothesis, test hypoth.(experiment),analyze and interpret, conclusion. |
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| resisted act's; April 19, 1775 shots on Lexington Green |
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| the Encyclopedia and the Church |
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| 28 volume encyclopedia or classified dictionary of the sciences; attacked divine right + religion; Catholics excommunicated if read; 20,000 copies printed |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau-1762;controls necessary but should be limited; gov't should be freely collected; individual less important than community |
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| who would agree or disagree w/ U.S. constitution? |
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disagree-Britain
agree-french |
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| wrote Dec. of independence |
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| 1690 published two treaties of gov't; agreed w/ Hobbes-purpose of gov't was to create order; gov't is a contract between ruler and ruled; but differed w/ Hobbes; optimistic view of human nature |
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