Term
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Definition
| Descent with modification |
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Term
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Definition
| Remains or traces of organisms from the past. |
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Term
| What year did Darwin publish his Origin of Species? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Superimposed layers of rock. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first paleontologist? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of Catastrophism: |
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Definition
| Principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by mechanisms different from those operating in the present. |
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Term
| Who developed the theory of catastrophism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of Uniformitarianism: |
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Definition
| Mechanisms of change are constant over time; same geologic processes are operating today as in the past. |
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Term
| What two scientists developed the idea of uniformitarianism? |
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Definition
Charles Lyell and James Hutton.
(Hutton had the idea, but Lyell wrote the principle.) |
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Term
| Name and describe Lamarck's two principles of evolution. |
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Definition
| He suggested use and disuse, which states that the parts of the body used the most often will become larger and stronger. He also suggested inheritance of acquired characteristics, which states that an organism could pass its modifications/adaptations to its offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments. |
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Term
| Definition of natural selection: |
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Definition
| Process in which individuals with certain inherited traits leave more offspring than individuals with other traits. |
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Term
| Who came up with the same concept of evolution as Darwin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define/explain descent with modification. |
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Definition
| This idea states that organisms of the same species share a common ancestor. It also explains that over time, the descendants of this common ancestor developed different modifications/adaptations that made them better fit for their environment at that time. |
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Term
| Define artificial selection: |
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Definition
| Selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits. |
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Term
| True or False: Individuals evolve. |
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Definition
| False. The population evolves over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similarity resulting from common ancestry. |
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Term
| Define homologous structures. |
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Definition
| Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. |
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Term
| Define vestigial structures. |
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Definition
| Structures that have no importance to an organism but were once important to its ancestors. |
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Term
| Define evolutionary tree: |
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Definition
| Diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. |
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Term
| Definition of convergent evolution: |
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Definition
Independent evolution of similar features in different lineages.
ex. Forms of marsupials in North America |
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Term
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Definition
| Geographic distribution of species. |
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Term
| Define continental drift: |
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Definition
| Slow movement of Earth's continents over time. |
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Term
| Long ago, Earth's continents were one large landmass. What was the name of this landmass? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Found nowhere else in the world.
ex. Many island species are endemic. |
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Term
| What 2 observations did Darwin make about nature and its populations? |
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Definition
| Darwin noticed that individuals in a population have various traits and that organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. |
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Term
| What did Darwin infer about nature based on his observations? |
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Definition
| Darwin inferred that individuals that are well-suited for the environment will leave more offspring than others. He also inferred that favorable traits will accumulate in a population over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory of knowledge; determining the difference between justified belief and opinion. |
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Term
| True or False: All prepositions are truth. |
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Definition
| False. Only some prepositions are truth. |
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Term
| True or False: Only some prepositions are beliefs. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| No. Only some beliefs are true and there is some truth that people do not believe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Justified belief----that is...a belief that you have reason to think is true. Therefore, knowledge is truth and belief. |
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Term
| Name the two types of knowledge. |
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Definition
-Interpreting the physical world (science)
-Interpreting the Bible (hermeneutics) |
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Term
| What does hermeneutics mean? |
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Definition
| Knowledge gained by interpreting the Bible. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| General or universal ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Assumption possessed already that is related to what we are learning now. |
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Term
| Name the 3 sources of presuppositions: |
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Definition
| Past experiences, personal motivations, and fears. |
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Term
| According the AAAS, what is the definition of science? |
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Definition
| Process of seeking explanations for natural phenomena. |
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Term
| True or False: There is no universal definition for science. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the idea behind logical positivism? |
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Definition
| You have to prove something before it is true. |
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Term
| What is the idea behind methodological naturalism? |
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Definition
| To reject any form of the supernatural. |
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Term
| What is the idea behind critical rationalism? |
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Definition
| If something can't be proven, then it must be false. |
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Term
| What is the idea behind instrumentalism? |
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Definition
| A scientific theory is a useful instrument in understanding the world. |
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Term
| What is the basic idea behind revolutionary science? |
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Definition
| Change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science; also called paradigm shift. |
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Term
| Explain the outline of the scientific method. |
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Definition
| First, state the problem/question. Next, find out what is already known about the problem/question. Then, form a hypothesis. Now, design experiments to test this hypothesis. Finally, form a new hypothesis, modify the old one, or continue testing it for enough evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tentative explanation that seems to fit everything know about the problem/question up to this point. |
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Term
| What makes a discipline "science?" |
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Definition
| It uses a form of the scientific method. |
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Term
| What is our working definition of science? |
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Definition
| Methods of answering questions, solving problems, and making discoveries about the physical realm; uses the scientific method. |
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Term
| Name 3 strengths of science. |
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Definition
| Empirical, experimental, and reproducible. |
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Term
| Name science's 2 weaknesses. |
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Definition
| Experimenter bias and uncertainty (cannot test all alternate hypotheses) |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief in an Earth-centered universe. |
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Term
| What famous person advocated geocentrism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Belief in a sun-centered universe. |
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Term
| Who introduced the idea of heliocentrism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Galileo contribute to the geocentrism vs. heliocentrism debate? |
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Definition
| Galileo showed that Venus goes through phases like the moon, which contrasts geocentrism. The Church had Galileo arrested for his discovery. |
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Term
| What did Newton come up with? |
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Definition
| The universal law of gravitation, which is the force that keeps the planets moving. |
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Term
| Who is the "father of classical physics?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory did Einstein develop? |
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Definition
| Theory of relativity; time passes more slowly at high velocity; time is relative. |
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Term
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Definition
| System of theories, assumptions, and methods incorrectly regarded as scientific; also called alternative science. (not based on scientific method) |
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Term
| True or False: Hypotheses can be proven. |
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Definition
| False! Hypotheses can only be rejected. |
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Term
| What are the four levels of certainty in science? |
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Definition
1. Hypothesis
2. Theory
3. Principle
4. Law |
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Term
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Definition
| Plausible or scientifically acceptable explanation of a phenomenon, requires multiple independent confirmations, must be based on tested hypotheses. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are comprehensive ideas that incorporate several theories. Also, they are nearly universally agreed upon among scientists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statement of an invariable relationship in science; universally thought of as true. |
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Term
| Who is the one of the most famous young earth creationists? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is one of the most famous old earth creationists? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does catastrophism support young or old earth creation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does uniformitarianism support young or old earth creation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who views the Genesis Creation Account as a scientifically accurate historical narrative? |
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Definition
| Young Earth Creationists. |
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Term
| Do young earth creationists believe in catastrophism or uniformitarianism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Old Earth creationists believe in what two main things? |
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Definition
| Genesis Creation Account is not scientific, but poetical. Also, they believe in the idea of uniformitarianism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolution is primarily due to natural selection and is not goal-driven. |
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Term
| True or False: Evolution is natural selection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolution is what 2 things? |
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Definition
| Change in gene frequency over time and common descent. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Microevolution is accepted by? |
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Definition
| All creationists and non-creationists. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Macroevolution is rejected by some because? |
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Definition
| It depends on the ancient physical realm and on uniformitarianism. |
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Term
| Ken Ham and Hugh Ross do or do not believe in macroevolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three views on origins are held by Christians? |
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Definition
| Young Earth, Old Earth, and Evolutionary Creation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal-oriented, with purpose. |
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Term
| Who was the Christian who discovered DNA within fossils? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 common views on origins |
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Definition
Young earth creationists
old earth creationists
evolutionary creation
deistic evolution
Atheistic evolution |
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Term
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Definition
god created everything in 6 consecutive 24 periods
about 6000 yres old
reject theories of speciation and common decent
accept microevolution
scientific creation
GCA is scientifically and historicaly accurate narrative
any other scientifically and historically accurate narrative
any other interpretation is a slippery slope of eventual denial of christ
rejects uniformitarianism and scientific evidences that do not correspond with recent creation |
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Term
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Definition
God created the universe and life billions of years ago
GCA is mostly historically narrative but not scientific
reject speciation and common decent
accept microevolution
there were frequent creative actions in the book of Genesis |
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Term
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Definition
God created life billions of years ago
accept both micro and macro evolution
believe that God guided the process of evolution
GCA is not a historical narrative
GCA probably involves accommodation
most doubt the existence of Adam and Eve |
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Term
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Definition
God existed but is not involved in his creation
God left his creation to evolve on its own (ateleological)
universe and life are billions of years old
accept micro and macro evolution
the bible is not inspired or authoritative the physical realm is the best revelation of god |
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Term
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Definition
deny God's existence
life arose naturally from non-life
accept micro and macro evolution
billions of years old
bible is fiction
promote ateleological evoluion
some may be functional atheists (NOMA) |
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Term
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Definition
| natural, goal-driven for life and non-life not=evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| assumes lilfe exists and doesn't speculate on how it came into existence, consists of genetic change w/time and common descent |
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Term
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Definition
| small genetic change over time, individuals can still interbreed w/the original population, a new type of organism hasn't formed, nearly unanimous acceptance |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic make-up is changed so much that daughter and parent populations cannot interbreed, results form the same processes driving microevolution=speciation |
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Term
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Definition
| force behind micro and macroevoluion, survival of the fittest, favorable and heritable traits are passed down, leading to adaptation/microevoluion |
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