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Chapter 21 Vocabulary
Religion
20
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2013

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Term
Religion
Definition
belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces
Term
Communitas
Definition
intense feeling of social solidarity
Term
Polytheism
Definition
worship of multiple deities, who control aspects of nature
Term
Monotheism
Definition
worship of an external, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being
Term
Mana
Definition
impersonal sacred force, so named in Melanesia and Polynesia
Term
Taboo
Definition
sacred and forbidden; prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions
Term
Animism
Definition
belief in souls or doubles
Term
Magic
Definition
use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific ends
Term
Ritual
Definition
formal, repetitive, stereotypical behavior; based on a liturgical order
Term
Rites of Passage
Definition
rites marking transitions between places, or stages of life
Term
Liminality
Definition
the in-between phase of a passage rite
Term
Cosmology
Definition
a system, often religious, for imagining and understanding the universe
Term
Totem
Definition
an animal, plant, or geographic feature associated with a specific group, to which that totem is sacred or symbolically important
Term
Leveling Mechanism
Definition
custom that brings standouts back in line with community norms
Term
Shaman
Definition
a part-time magico-religious practitioner
Term
Revitalization Movements
Definition
movements aimed at altering or revitalizing a society
Term
Syncretisms
Definition
cultural, especially religious, mixes, emerging from acculturation
Term
Cargo Cults
Definition
postcolonial, acculturative religious movements in Melanesia
Term
Antimodernism
Definition
rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier, purer, better way
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
advocating strict fidelity to a religion's presumed founding principles
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