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.one of the leading causes of death in the united states
.diseas of any aspect of the cardiovascular system
.many forms include HBP, stroke and coronary artery disease |
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.causes a narrowing of the coronary arteries which supply the heart with nutrients through its blood flow
.the myocardium is not nourished by the blood being pumped to other parts of the body |
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| muscle layer of the heart |
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| pay caused by lack of oxygen in the myocardium, typically confined to the chest of left shoulder and arm. |
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.Heart attack
.occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is blocked.
.THis is typical brought about by a good clot forming in a narrowed coronary artery.
First signs:
.uncmfortable pressue
.fullness
squeezing
.pain in center of chest |
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| Not signals of a heart attack |
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| sharp, stbbing twinges o pain |
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affects the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the brain
.hypertension is a risk factor |
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narrowing of arteries due to build-up of deposits in arterial wall
.can cause a blood clot to form inside the cerebral artery and block the blood flow to the brain |
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.dizziness
.temporary weakness or numbness on one side of face or limbs |
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diagnosed if a person has repeated measurements above the optimal levels
.increases the workload of the heart an arteries and contributes to heart failure and atherosclerosis |
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| portion of the red blood cells is the oxygen carrying component of the blood |
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| Smoking effects on Hemoglobin |
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Definition
| reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood and forces the heart to pump much more blood in order for adequate oxygen to be delivered |
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| Systolic blood pressure consistently elevated above 140mmHg or a diastolic pressure above 90 |
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| a terminal name for having too much fat in the blood |
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.blood fats are responsible for the build up of plaque on the walls of arteries
.the higher an individuals blood lipids the greater his or her risk for CVD |
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| anything greater than 240 |
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.low density of protein
.high density of fat
.harmful because its ability to cause fatty build up in blood vessels |
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| Ideal and Bad LDL-C levels |
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Definition
.less than 130m
.anything greater than 160 |
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. high density of lipoprotein
.the higher the level of HDL-C an individual has the lower his/her risk for developing CVD |
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| Ideal and bad HDL-C levels |
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Definition
. greater than 45
.less than 35 |
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.a blood lip fat
.reading of 200mg/dl or below is considered to be acceptable triglyceride levels with levels above 400 is considered high risk |
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have beneficial effect on blood lipids
.exercise program that elands 1,000 calories per week |
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raise cholesterol levels more than any thing else
.found mostly in animal fats
.fish and poultry contain less saturated fats |
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.such as conola or olive oil
.should make up one third or more of fat calories, since the oils may raise DL-C levels |
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| may help lower total cholesterol without reducing HDL-C, should account for up to one third of the total fat calories consumed |
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| Recommendations for the treatment of Hyperholestrolemia |
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Definition
| .fat intake below 30 percent of total calorie consumption with not more than one third of these calories comic from saturated fat |
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ten percent above the ideal fat percentage
.risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes improve with a decrease in body fat |
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| Secondary or minor Risk Factors |
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Definition
.diabetes
.stress
gender
.race
.age
.hereditary |
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Definition
.a condition in which the blood glucose(sugar) is inhibited from entering the cell
.condition is created because the pancreas either stops producing insulin or does not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs, or the body cannot use insulin
.as a result blood glucose absorption by the cells is low, leading to high blood glucose levels |
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Definition
.eyes
.kidneys
.nerve
.blood vessels |
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.glucose levels above 126 mg
.high if 126-159
.very high 160
.thirst, urination |
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.insulin dependent
.occur at any age
.produces very little or no insulin |
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.non-insulin dependent
.the insulin production of the pancreas is adequate but the body cells are unable to use the insuli correctly
.diet in water soluble fiber and an aerobe exercise can help prevent |
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.causes increase in catecholamine(stress hormones)
.elevate heart rate
.blood pressure
.blood glucose levels |
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| .the body is preparing to either flight or flight. If the person aces action, the higher level of catecholamies are metabolized and the body returns to its normal state |
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| the catecholamine levels stay elevated and so do blood press , hear rate and blood glucose |
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| .the body metabolizes excess catecholamines and cardiovascular system is able to return to its normal state. |
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.CVD is the leading killer of both men and women
.3 times higher for men than women
.hear attacks happen ore in women
.At 65 women are more likely to die from heart attacks |
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due to high estrogen levels naturally pro due twenty percent more HDL- than men. After menopause estrogen levels decease causing a drop in HDL-C
. Estrogen supplementation after menopause can help maintain comes a high risk for cancer |
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| Cardiorespiratory endurance |
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Definition
| Ability to extract oxygen from the air, which we breathe, and supply this oxygen to working muscles in order to sustain boy movement over an extended period of time |
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| .means of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide via the luna |
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| .pumps oxygen rich blood to the body's a I've tissues and returns waste products of normal metabolic function to be exchanged again in the lungs |
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amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
.the product of heart rate and stroke |
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| the number of times the heart beats per minute |
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| The amount of blood pumped out of the hear each beat |
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| During exercise Cardiac output... |
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Definition
| can be increased by speeding up the heart rate or by increasing the stoke volume |
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| Stoke volume increases.... |
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Definition
| along with the heart rate to about 40 percent of maximum heart rate |
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| process by which we break down and build up our bodies |
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| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| energy molecule for metabolism |
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Definition
| the body's ability to transport and use oxygen while removing CO2 |
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| Maximal Oxygen Consumption represents |
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Definition
| the physiological limit or full capacity of one's cardiorespiratory system for transporting and utilizing oxygen |
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| Benefits of Cardiorespiratiory endurance |
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Definition
1.Greater cardiac output
2.Longerity
3.Improved Maximum 02 Consumption
4. Lowered blood reassure
5. Reduced body fat content
6. Increased Metabolism
7. Increased HDL Cholesterol and lowered LDL Cholesterol levels
8. Less bone mineral loss
9.Curbing of appetite |
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Definition
elevating heart rate through physical activity (swimming , jogging)
.3-5 times per week |
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| Aerobic Activity Benefits |
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Definition
.increase in metabolism
.cardiac output
.working muscles become enlarged because increased amount of blood is flowing to them |
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| activity should involve large muscles of the body in a slow rhythmical fashion and preferable be weight bearing in nature |
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| fitness training in different sports or exercises used to ave a more complete workout and enhances overall performance |
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| Maximum benefits can be attained by a frequency of five days per week without increasing risk of injury |
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.60-90%
.Improvement in Cardiorespiratory Endurance occurs when intensity is about equal to or greater than 50 percent of one's maximal aerobic capacity |
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Definition
if close to 19 than it's close to maximum heart rate
.subjective method used for measuring exercise intensity |
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Definition
.training intensity should be between 20-60 minutes
.accumulation of 30 minutes of activity daily produces an adequate level of cardiorespiratory endurance |
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| What happens during warm up |
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Definition
.blood is shunted away from internal organs and deliver to the muscles
.muscles are contracted and streched causing an increase in their metabolic activity, plus sensory input from joints are activated |
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Term
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Definition
.slow things down gradually
.w/o a proper cool-down, blood tends to pool in the working muscles and slows your rate of recovery. |
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