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Chapter 2
Matter and Energy
20
Chemistry
12th Grade
10/01/2009

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Term
Energy
Definition
the capacity to do work
Term
Physical change
Definition
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
Term
chemical change
Definition
a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
Term
endothermic
Definition
describes a process in which heat is abrobed from the environment
Term
exothermic
Definition
describes a process in which a system releases heat into the environment
Term
law of conservation of energy
Definition
the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
Term
heat
Definition
the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures; energy is always transferred from highter-temperature objects to lower-temperature objects  until thermal equilibrium is reached
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
the energy of an object that is due to they object's motion
Term
temperature
Definition
a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically a measure of the average kinectic energy of the particles in an object
Term
specific heat
Definition
the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1 degree C in a specific way given constant pressure and volume
Term
scientific method
Definition
a series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypotheses, and stating conclusions
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a theory or explanation that is based on obsercations and that can be tested
Term
theory
Definition
an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation experimentation and reasoning
Term
law
Definition
a summary of many experimental results and observations; a law tells how things work
Term
law of consercation of mass
Definition
the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
Term
accuracy
Definition
a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured
Term
precision
Definition
the exactness of a measurement
Term
significant figure
Definition
a prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done badsed on the precision of the measurement
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