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| Hexapods usually have two pairs of wings on the thoracic region of the body; Wings are an adaptive trait that helps facilitate access to every possible niche |
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| Usually one pair of antennae that varies greatly in form across the subphylum (can feel, taste, or hear) |
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| Body segments (head, thorax, abdomen) |
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| In an arthropod leg, a single series of segments attached end-to-end |
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| In an arthropod leg, the leg branches into two, and each branch consists of a series of segments attached end-to-end |
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| Complexe plates connected by hinge joints that make up the exoskeleton |
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| A pair of appendages near the insect’s mouth |
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| Cut food and manipulate it during mastication |
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| When parasites have parasites |
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| Excretory and osmoregulatory system that operates in conjunction with specialized glands in the wall of the rectum |
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| Opening to the outside that reduces and prevents water loss |
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| Consists of thousands of individual photoreceptor units |
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| Unisexual reproduction involving the production of young by females not fertilized by males |
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| Chemicals secreted by one individual to affect the behavior of another: attract opposite sex, trigger aggregation, fend off aggression, and mark trails |
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| The structure in which a pupa lives in inbetween the larval and adult stages |
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| Direct development: young look similar to adults except in size and sexual maturation (egg-juvenile-adult) |
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| Gradual metamorphosis: young are called nymphs (egg-nymph-adult) |
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| Separate physiology of larval growth, pupal differentiation, and adult reproduction: (egg-larva-pupa-adult |
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| Period of dormancy in the annual life cycle that is independent of conditions; internally controlled; allows them to synchronize with the environment |
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