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Legal process by which a person becomes a citizen of a country at some time after birth |
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| legal process by which citizenship is lost |
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Involuntary loss of citizenship by someone notborn here, usually because of fraud |
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| The process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture. |
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| One who seeks protection from war, persecution, or some other danger. |
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Separation on one group from another. |
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Laws that separate people on the basis of race. Ex: Separate bathrooms, water fountains, pools |
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| African American's were allowed the same rights as their granfathers if they were citizens, except at the time, African Americans' grandfathers were slaves |
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| Establishes separate but equal |
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| North still believed that African Americans weren't citizens even though it was the law. |
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| Everybody should be treated equally by the gov't |
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| Rights of the accused - right to an attorney, trial, fair jury, ect. |
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| Priviliges and Immunities Clause |
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| Everybody gets the same privileges and immunities, including some form of protection for illegal aliens. |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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Linda Brown couldn't get into a white school so it ruled that "separate but equal" didn't work. Dejure segregation
Defacto segregation |
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| 1968 housing discrimination laws |
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| You can not discriminate against who rents your apartment |
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stereotype based on race:
ex: Arabs being checked at an airport |
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| Arguments for Racial Profiling |
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- A form of prevention
- statistics/stereotypes might help prevent crimes |
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| Arguments against Racial Profiling |
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- It's violating
- It limits |
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| Limits number of people allowed due to race, some see it as encouraging ethnic diversity in colleges, but in the work place it is seen as negative. |
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| Before, states had the decision of whether or not abortion was illegal, but after this case it became a federal law that abortion is legal during the 1st trimester. |
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Policy under Clinton which says that you can not be openly gay, but closeted. Gov't can not investigate to see if you are secretly gay. Military. Gay rights is now considered under the civil rights umbrella |
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| View of bias, where women know that they can not reach the job positions they desire due to their gender. |
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| Two Forms of Sexual Harassment |
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Quid quo pro Hostil environment |
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| Sexual favors in return for holding the job or for promotions - employers are held strictly liable |
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| Creating an environment in which the harassment impairs a person's ability to work, employers liable if they were negligent. |
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| Commands prisoner to be brought before the court & explain why the prisoner should not be released |
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| Congress can't just prosecute you. Right to a trial |
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| Punishment does not apply if law preventing crime is made up after the crime is done. |
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| You can not try a person for the same crime twice |
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| Right to an adequate defense |
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| Guarentees are intended to prevent favor of prosecutor. If state fails to honor, the accused can appeal that the 14th amendment's Due Process Clause has been violated. |
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| A rule requiring certain numbers of jobs or promotions for members of certain groups |
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| Discrimination against the majority group. |
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