Term
|
Definition
| a sentence forcing the convict to work as a rower on a ship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| workhouses constructed to hold & whip or otherwise punish "beggars, prostitutes, & nightwalkers" & later as places of detention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sentence exiling convicts & transporting them to a penal colony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an English penal colony, 1,000 miles off the Australian coast, regarded as a brutal & violent island where prison inmates were poorly fed, clothed, & housed & were mistreated by staff & their fellow inmates |
|
|
Term
| 5 central tenants of Howard's message of reform |
|
Definition
1. the fee system for jails should be ended
2. inmates should be separated by gender & offense (single celling would be optimal)
3. inmates should be provided with sanitary conditions & healthful food & water
4. staff should serve as a moral model for inmates
5. jails & prisons should be held to a certain set of standards & should be individually inspected to make sure these standards are met |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a prison design in which multi-tiered cells are built around a hub so that correctional staff can view all inmates without being observed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| William Penn's idea, based on Quaker principles, deemphasized the use of corporal & capital punishment for all crimes but the most serious |
|
|
Term
| Pennsylvania prison system (Walnut Street Jail, Western & Eastern Pennsylvania Prisons) |
|
Definition
| prisons that emphasized silence & isolated inmates in their cells, restricting their contact with others, & reinforcing the need for penitence |
|
|
Term
| New York prison system (Auburn & Sing Sing) |
|
Definition
| prisons included congregate work & eating arrangements but silent & separate housing |
|
|
Term
| Newgate Prison in Simsbury, Connecticut |
|
Definition
| operated based on Quaker ideals, so it focused on rehabilitation, religious redemption, & work programs to support prison upkeep & did not use corporal punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derelict naval vessels transformed into prisons & jails |
|
|
