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Chapter 2
Cost terms, concepts, and classifications
30
Accounting
Undergraduate 2
05/03/2009

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Term
Administrative Costs
Definition
All executive, organizational, and clerical costs associated with the general management of an organization rather than with manufacturing, marketing, or selling
Term
Common Costs
Definition
A common cost is a cost incurred to support a number of cost objects but cannot be traced to them individually.
Term
Conversion Cost
Definition
Direct labor cost plus manufacturing overhead cost.
Term
Cost behavior
Definition
The way in which a cost reacts to changes in the level of activity.
Term
Cost Object
Definition
Anything for which cost data is desired.
Term
COGM
Definition
The manufacturing costs associated with the goods that were finished during the period.
Term
Differential Cost
Definition
a difference in cost between two alternatives. AKA incremental cost
Term
Differential Revenue
Definition
The difference in revenue between two alternatives.
Term
Direct Cost
Definition
A cost that can be easily and conveniently traced to individual units of product.
Term
Direct Labor
Definition
Factory labor costs that can be easily traced to individual units of product.
Term
Direct Materials
Definition
Materials that become an integral part of a finished product and whose costs can be conveniently traced to it.
Term
Direct Materials
Definition
Materials that become an integral part of a finished product and whose costs can be conveniently traced to it.
Term
Finished Goods
Definition
units of product that have been completed, but have not yet been sold to customers
Term
Fixed Cost
Definition
a cost that remains constant, in total, regardless of changes in activity. If a FC is expressed in a per unit basis, it varies inversely with the level of activity.
Term
Incremental Cost
Definition
an increase in cost between two alternatives
Term
Indirect Cost
Definition
a cost that cannot be easily and conveniently traced to a specified cost objective.
Term
Indirect Labor
Definition
The labor costs of those workers that cannot be conveniently traced directly to particular products.
Term
Indirect Materials
Definition
Small items of material that may be an integral part of the finished product , but their costs cannot be easily or conveniently traced to it.
Term
Inventoriable costs
Definition
aka product costs
Term
Manufacturing Overhead
Definition
all costs associated with manufacturing except direct materials and direct labor
Term
Marketing or Selling Costs
Definition
All costs necessary to secure customer orders and get the finished product or service into the hands of the customers
Term
Opportunity Cost
Definition
The potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another.
Term
Period Costs
Definition
costs that are taken directly to the income statement as expenses in the period in which they were expensed or accrued.
Term
Prime Cost
Definition
direct materials cost plus direct labor cost.
Term
Product Costs
Definition
All costs that are involved in the purchase or manufacturing of goods.
Term
Raw Materials
Definition
Any materials that go into the finished product.
Term
Relevant Range
Definition
The range of activity within which assumptions about VC and FC are valid.
Term
Schedule of COGM
Definition
a schedule showing the direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs incurred for a period and that are assigned to Works in Process and completed goods.
Term
Sunk Cost
Definition
Any cost that has already been incurred and that cannot be changed by any decision made now or in the future.
Term
Variable Costs
Definition
A cost that varies, in total, in direct proportion to changes in the level of activity. A variable cost is constant per unit.
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