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Chapter 21 Med-Surg
Cardiovascular system
30
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2012

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Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by accumulation of plaque, blood,and blood products lining the wall of the artery, casusing partial or complete blockage of an artery
Term
Briut
Definition
Humming heard when auscultation a blood vessel that is caused by turbulent blodd flow through the vessel
Term
Claudication
Definition
severe pain in the calf muscle from inadequate blood supply
Term
Clubbing
Definition
A condition in which the ends of the fingers and toes appear bulbous and shiny, most ofter the result of a lung disease
Term
Dysrhythmias
Definition
Abnormal, disordered, or disturbed cardiac rhythm
Term
Homans' sign
Definition
An assessment for venous thrombosis in which calf pain with dorsiflexion occurs if thrombossi is present
Term
hypomagnesemia
Definition
Reduced amount of magnesium in the blood
Term
ischemic
Definition
inadequate blood supply
Term
Murmur
Definition
abnormal sound heard on ausculation of the heart and adjacent large blood vessels
Term
Pericardial Friction Rub
Definition
Friction sound heard over the fourth left intercostal space near the sternum; a classic sign of pericarditis
Term
Poikilothermy
Definition
absence of sufficient arterial blood flow, causing the extremity to become the temperature of the environment
Term
Point of Maximum Impulse
Definition
area in the chest where the greatest force can be felt with the palm of the hand when the heart contracts or beats. usually the fourth to fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line.
Term
Preload
Definition
End-diastolic stretch of cardiac muscle fibers; equals end-diastolic volume
Term
Pulse Deficit
Definition
number of pulse beats is less at the radial artery than the apical heart rate
Term
Sternotomy
Definition
operation of cutting through the sternum
Term
Thrill
Definition
Palpation of a vibration on the surface of the skin. Can be caused by turbulent blood flow through a blood vessel (as with a fistula or graft) or cardiac abnormalities
Term
Heart location
Definition
mediastinum; area between the lungs and thoracic cavity
Term
Three membranes that enclose the heart
Definition
outtermost fibrous pericardium, middle layer is the parietal pericardium, innermost layer is the visceral pericardium
Term
What is between the parietal and visceral layer?
Definition
Serous fluid, to stop or reduce friction
Term
Endocardium
Definition
smooth epithelial tissue that prevents abnormal clotting
Term
SA
Definition
Sinoatrial
Term
location of SA
Definition
wall of the right atrium
Term
Rate of SA
Definition
about 100 times per min
Term
Route of heart beat impulse
Definition
From the SA node to the AV node to the bundle of His to the right and left bundle branchs in the septum, to the Purkinje fibers in the ventricular myocardium.
Term
AV creates impulses at what rate
Definition
40-60
Term
Bundle of His creates impulses at what rate?
Definition
20-35 bpm
Term
Cardiac cycle
Definition
two atria contract simultaneously followed by contraction of two ventricles.
Term
Cardiac output
Definition
amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute.
Term
Stroke volume
Definition
blood ejected in one pump. on average 60-80mL
Term
What in the brain contains the cardiovascular centers?
Definition
Medulla
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