Term
| What are the three classes of blood vessels? |
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Definition
Arteries - carry blood away from heart
Veins - Carry blood towards heart
Capillaries |
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Term
| What are the blood vessel tunics? |
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Definition
Tunica externa – composed of connective tissue
Tunic media – comprised of smooth muscle.
Tunica intima – composed of an endothelium |
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Term
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Definition
Artery - narrow lumen, thick wall, tunica media thickest wall, no valves, higher blood pressure, takes blood away from heart.
Veins - wider lumen, thinner walls than arteries, tunica externa is the thickest wall, valves, lower blood pressure, transports blood away from heart, |
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Term
| What is unique about the structure of erythrocytes? |
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Definition
- Biconcave disc structure allows respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) to be loaded and unloaded rapidly and efficiently.
- Also, their small structure allows them to line up in single file as they pass through vessels.
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Term
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Definition
| Red pigmented protein, contains iron, transports oxygen, found in red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Red blood cells, lower layer of centrifuged blood, 44% of sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of leukocytes (white blood cells) and cell fragments called platelets, less than 1% of sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| straw colored, above buffy coat, 55% of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Transportation - carry oxygen from lungs to body, carry homones, from endocrine glands
Regulation - Vessels dilate to dissipate excess heat, Ph balance.
Protection - leukocytes gaurd agains infection, antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates water movement between blood and interstitial fluid (blood viscosity), ~58% |
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Term
| Globulins (plasma protein) |
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Definition
Alpha Globulins trasnport lipids and some metal ions
Beta globulins transport iron ions and lipids in bloodstream.
Gamma globulins are antibodies that immobilize pathogens. ~37%
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Term
| Fibrinogen (plasma protein) |
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Definition
| Helps with blood clotting, ~4% |
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Term
| Electrolytes (other components in plasma) |
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Definition
| maintain pH balance and regulate osmosis, ~1% |
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Term
| What is the water content of plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The % of the volume of all formed elements in one's blood.
It varies in females from 38% - 46% and between 42% - 56% in males |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack nuclei and other organelles, carries oxygen and and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
red pigmented protein, transports oxygen.
Consists of 4 polypeptide chains called globins
- 2 alpha chains, 2 beta chains
Each chain contains a heme group in its center with an iron ion. Oxygen binds to the iron ion for transport in the blood. Capable of binding 4 oxygen molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
Formed in red bone marrow
Live about 120 days
Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen by macrophages or components are recycled.
Hemoglobin is converted into green pigment = biliverdin
Biliverdin converts to bilirubin, which is a part of bile.
Iron ion is stored in liver
Other components broken down to be used for new erythrocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
A - surface antigen A, anti B
B - surface antigen B, anti A
O - has no surface antigen, anti A and B antibodies
AB - surface antigen A and B, antibodies
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Term
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Definition
| When antibodies of the plasma bind to surface antigens of the transfused erythrocytes and clump together. |
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Term
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Definition
| When agglutinated erythrocytes rupture. |
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Term
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Definition
Erythrocyte production
Stimulus: hypoxia, decreased O2 levels
Kidney (and liver) release erythropoietin
Erythropoietin stimulates reb bone marrow
RBC count increases
Increased O2 carrying ability |
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Term
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Definition
Immune response
Larger than erythrocyte
Capable of leaving blood vessels and entering tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukocytes squeeze between edothelial cells of the blood vessel wall and enter the tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukocytes are attracted to the site of infection by molecules released by damaged cells, dead cells or invading pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
Neutrophils - phagocytize bacteria, release enzymes that target pathogens
Eosinophils - phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and allergens
Basophils - release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant) during inflammatory reactions |
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Term
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Definition
Lymphocytes - produce antibodies, attack pathogens and infected cells
Monocytes - can exit blood vessels and become macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
Formed in bone marrow by cells called Megakarocytes.
Force of blood pressure sloughs off chucks of megakarocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stem cells in leukocyte formation. |
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Term
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Definition
Hemopoeisis - of formed elements
Erthyropoeisis - production of erythrocytes
Thrombopoiesis - produciton of platlets
Leukopoeisis - Production of leukocytes |
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