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Chapter 20: Commonwealth and Empire, 1870-1900
Sister Stewart's Chapter 20 notes
21
History
11th Grade
04/04/2010

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Term
1. Why did the government grow in size and responsibility in the late nineteenth century?
Definition
Because society became more complex and interdependent
Term
2. Why was the Interstate commerce commission created?
Definition
To regulate commercial actvity that the states could not regulate (railroads)
Term
2. What parts of the federal government grew in the late nineteenth century?
Definition
- The Department of Agriculture
- The Department of the Treasury
- Bureaucracy such as the ICC
- The Department of the Interior
Term
4. What was the trend in regard to tariffs in the late nineteenth century?
Definition
For them to go up
Term
5. What were political parties like in the late ninettenth century?
Definition
State and local organizations using machines
Term
6. What did the Pendleton Act do?
Definition
- Established a commission to set guidelines for civil service personnel
- Instituted a system of competitive examinations for civil service jobs
- Banned the assessment of money from salaries of appointees
- Spurred the development of regulatory societies
Term
7. What efforts were made, in the late nineteenth century, to set higher standards in society, promote professionalism, and protect the public?
Definition
- Esablishment of the American Medical Association
- Establishment of the American Historical Association
- Passage of the Pendleton Act
- Passage of the Circuit Court of Appeals Act in 1891
Term
8. What did the Grangers do?
Definition
- Created cooperative enterprises to give farmers more control over their lives
- Responded to the farmers' frustration over falling farm prices and high interest rates
- Sponsored social occasions to allow farmers to improve their lives
- Built grain elevators and manufactured farm equipment
Term
9. What were regional Farmers' Alliances advocating at the end of the 1880s?
Definition
- State ownership of the railroads
- Lower tariffs
- A graduated income tax
- Restricting land ownership in the US to citizens
Term
10. How was the Great Uprising of 1877 supressed?
Definition
With federal troops using deadly force (100+ killed)
Term
11. What was the most effective organization advocating the right to vote for women in the late nineteenth century?
Definition
The Women's Christian Temperance Union
Term
12. What was true of the Women's Christian Temperance Union?
Definition
- Experimented with interracial cooperation in the South
- Preached total abstinence from alcoholic beverages
- Was a major advocate of women's suffrage
- Worked to reform the prison system
Term
13. What did the Populists, who met in St. Louis in 1892, advocate?
Definition
- Government ownership of railroads, banks, and the telegraph
- The eight-hour day
- The graduaed income tax, and other reforms
- Prohibition of large landholding companies
Term
14. What was true of the depression of 1893-1897?
Definition
- Had its origins in the overexpansion of the railroads
- The unemployed became subject to vagrancy laws and discrimination
- More than 150 banks went into receivership and 100s more closed
- People suffered from inadequate diet even though farm prices dropped to new lows
Term
15. What did the strike by miners at Couer d'Alene, Idaho involve?
Definition
Started out as a peaceful protes and ended up becoming violent
Term
16. What resulted from the Homestead, Pennsylvania strike?
Definition
In a defeat for the Union and lower pay and longer hours for the unions
Term
17. How did the Pullman strike end?
Definition
Federal troops fired on striker, killing 25
Term
18. Why did Eugene V. Debs become a socialist?
Definition
He wanted to make the government responsive t workers
Term
19. What did the Social Gospel movement try to do?
Definition
To take action to reform society to benefit all
Term
20. Who were the supporters of the Social Gospel movement?
Definition
Washington Gladden
W.T. Stead
Charles M. Sheldon
Edward Everett Hale
Term
21. What organizations generally acted according to the Social Gospel movement?
Definition
- Young Women's Christian Association
- The Girls Friendly societies
- African America Society for racial uplift
- The Women's Christian Temperance Union
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