Term
Medically approved use of CNS stimulants are limited to the use of: |
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Definition
ADHD Narcolepsy Obesity Reversal of respiratory distress |
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Term
Amphetamines and caffeine are the major group of CNS stimulants, which stimulate: |
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Definition
The cerebral cortex of the brain. |
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Term
_______ & ________ act on the brainstem and medulla to stimulate respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
Anorexiants act to some degree on the ____ _____ and _______ to supress _____. |
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Definition
Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Appetite |
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Term
Long term use of amphetamines can produce __________ ___________ & _______. |
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Definition
Psychological dependence Tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
Dysregulation of the transmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. |
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Term
T/F: Intelligence is usually affected in children with ADHD. |
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Definition
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Term
What is characterized by falling asleep during normal waking activities. |
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Definition
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Term
What usually accompanies narcolepsy, affecting voluntary muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
Amphetamines stimulate the release of neurotransmitters _____ & _____ |
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Definition
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Term
Amphetamines can cause, besides euphoria and alertness: |
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Definition
sleeplessness, restlness, tremors, and irritability. |
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Term
What are cardiovascular problems associated with the continuous use of amphetamines? |
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Definition
Increased HR, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and increased BP |
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Term
What is the t1/2 of amphetamines? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of urine excretes amphetamines faster? |
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Definition
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Term
For what are amphetamines prescribed? |
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Definition
Narcolepsy, and in some cases ADHD |
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Term
Which are the three amphetamine drugs that may be prescribed for effective control of ADHD? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the side effects and adverse reactions of amphetamines? |
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Definition
Restlessness Insomnia Tachycardia Hypertension Heart palpitations Dry mouth Anorexia Weight loss Diarrhea Constipation Impotence |
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Term
What are two amphetamine-like drugs used to increase a child's attention span and cognitive performance? |
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Definition
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Term
Ritalin and Focalin are amphetamine-like drugs used to: |
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Definition
Increase a child's attention span and cognitive performance and to decrease impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness. |
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Term
Which amphetamine-like drug may be used to treat narcolepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a drug prescribed for narcolepsy that increases the amount of time clients feel awake? Its MOA is not fully known. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most frequently prescribed drug to treat ADHD? |
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Definition
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Term
How often and when is Ritalin usually administered to children? |
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Definition
Twice/Day Before breakfast and lunch 30-45 minutes before meals as food affects absorption |
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Term
How long before bed should Ritalin be administered? |
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Definition
At least 6 hours before sleep |
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Term
What is a secondary use of Ritalin |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of drug is considered more effective in treating ADHD than amphetamines, with the exception of Adderall? |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of CNS stimulant is generally avoided because of its higher potential for abuse, habituation, and tolerance? |
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Definition
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Term
Which drugs enhance the actions of Ritalin? |
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Definition
Sympathomimetics, such as decongestants. |
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Term
Foods/drinks containing what should be avoided when taking Ritalin because they increase drug action? |
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Definition
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Term
Which drugs can decrease the action of amphetamines and amphetamine-like drugs? |
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Definition
Antihypertensives Barbituates |
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Term
What was once freely prescribed as an anorexiant? |
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Definition
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Term
Amphetamines are not currently recommended for the use of appetite suppressants because of: |
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Definition
Tolerance Psychological dependence Abuse |
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Term
FDA has ordered the removal of ____________ from OTC eight-loss drugs and cold remidies. |
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Definition
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Term
The risk for _________ _______ in young women who take drugs containing phenylpropanolamine is increased 16x. |
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Definition
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Term
Phenylpropanolamine has not been associated with an increased risk for _____ in men. |
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Definition
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Term
Adverse reactions to phenylpropanolamine are |
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Definition
Renal failure Psychosis HTN Cardiac dysrhythmias |
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Term
T/F: Topical use of phenylpropanaloamine causes systemic effects when used topically. |
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Definition
F - This has not been proved to be true |
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Term
For weight loss attempts, emphasis should be place on: |
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Definition
Nutrition Exercise Behavior modification |
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Term
T/F: Individuals taking anorexiants should be under the supervision of a nutritional counselor. |
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Definition
False - They should be under the care of a HCP |
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Term
Children younger than __ y.o.a. should not be given anorexiants. |
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Definition
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Term
Self-medication with anorexiants is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
Long-term use of anorexiants frequently result in severe side effects such as: |
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Definition
Nervousness Restlessness Irritability Insomnia Heart palpitations HTN |
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Term
The primary use of an analeptic is to |
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Definition
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Term
A subgroup of analeptics is _______, which is made up of ________ & _______. |
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Definition
Xanthines Caffeine Theophylline |
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Term
Caffeine stimulates the ______, and in large doses it _________ _________. |
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Definition
CNS Stimulates respiration |
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Term
Newborns with RD may be given ________ to increase respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
_________ is used primarily to ______ ___ _________. However it has also been used to increase respirations in newborns. |
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Definition
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Term
SE from caffeine are similar to those from anorexiants: |
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Definition
Nervousness Restlessness Tremors Twitching Palpitations Insomnia |
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Term
SE of caffeine that are not similar to those of anorexiants include: |
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Definition
Diuresis GI irritation Tinnitus (rarely) |
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Term
More than ___ mg of caffeine affects the CNS and heart. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
In what type of clients is the t1/2 of caffeine increased? |
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Definition
Liver disease Oral contraceptives Pregnant |
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Term
T/F: Caffeine is not contraindicated during pregnancy. |
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Definition
False - the effects on the fetus are unknown. |
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Term
Dopram is a ____ & _______ _______ used to treat respiratory depression caused by overdose, pre- and postanesthetic respiratory depression, and COPD. |
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Definition
CNS and respiratory stimulant |
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Term
T/F: Dopram can be used for the treatment of neonatal apnea. |
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Definition
True - but it should be used with caution. |
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Term
What is the route of administration of Dopram? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the onset of action of Dopram? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the peak action of Dopram? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the SE of Dopram? |
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Definition
HTN Tachycardia Tremors Spasticity Hyperactive reflexes |
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Term
What is more effective than Dopram for treating clients experiencing respiratory distress as a result of using certain drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
Ritalin is contraindicated in |
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Definition
Hyperthyroidism Anxiety Hx of seizures CAD, HTN Tourettes Glaucoma Psychosis Mental Depression Children younger than 6 Substance abusers Pregnant women |
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Term
Ritalin is well/poorly absorbed for the GI tract? |
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Definition
Well absorbed from the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
Acts primarily on the RAS and cerebral cortex. |
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Term
Ritalin may decrease effects of |
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Definition
decongestants, antihypertensives, barbituates, and may alter the effects of insulin therapy. |
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Term
Ritalin increases hypertensive crisis with |
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Definition
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Term
Ritalin increases effects of |
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Definition
Oral anticoagulants Anticonvulsants Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Term
____ may increase the effects of Ritalin. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tachycardia HTN Growth supression Palpitations Transient loss of weight in children |
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Term
Life-threatening AR of Ritalin |
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Definition
Exfoliative dermatitis Uremia Thrombocytopenia Hepatoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Because of the risk for thrombocytopenia when taking Ritalin, it is important to assess before and during: |
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Definition
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Term
T/F: During treatment with Ritalin, a risk for delayed growth and development related to treatment is a possibility. |
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Definition
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Term
Withdrawal symptoms of Ritalin include: |
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Definition
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Term
Dry mouth is a side effect of ____ that can be relieved by _____ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
When discontinuing Ritalin, what is important to teach the client? |
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Definition
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Term
Who should be taught to avoid all CNS stimulants? |
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Definition
Pregnant and nursing mothers. These drugs are excreted in the breast milk and can cause the same side effects in the infant. |
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Term
Ritalin may cause anorexic effects, so parents should _____________________. |
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Definition
Provide children a nutritional breakfast. |
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Term
It is important to teach the client to report _______ & ________ when on Ritalin therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
Monitor children for onset of ________ when taking Ritalin. |
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Definition
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Term
When evaluating effectiveness of Ritalin therapy, it is important to monitor |
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Definition
Weight Sleep patterns Mental Status |
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Term
Amphetamine drugs include: |
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Definition
Adderall Dexedrine Desoxyn Vyvanse |
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Term
Amphetamine-like drugs include: |
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Definition
Ritalin Provigil Focalin Strattera Nuvigil Cylert |
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Term
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Definition
Didrex Dexedrine Tenuate Fastin Adipex Acutrim Dexatrim Xenical |
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Term
The maximum dose for Didrex, an anorexiant, is |
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Definition
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Term
Drugs without phenylpropanolamine include |
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Definition
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Term
Analeptics are made up of a subcategory: |
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Definition
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Term
Methylxanthines are in a subgroup of analeptics. This subgroup is made up of |
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Definition
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Term
A drug used for treatment of respiratory depression. It is a respiratory stimulant called |
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Definition
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