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| Manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products |
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| Nucleotide sequences from two different sources, often two species, are combined in vitro into the same DNA molecule |
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| Direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes |
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| Latin for “in glass;” it is a part of an organism, not as a whole. |
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| Latin for “in life;” in whole living organisms |
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| Latin for “on a computer;” using software, data, etc. |
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| making identical copies of a specific DNA sequence (usually genes) |
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| Small, circular DNA that can be uptaken from the environment |
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| Cut DNA; it leaves an overhang aka sticky ends |
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| Nucleotide sequence where enzyme cuts |
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| Made using bacteria as the collection of recombinant vector clones produced by cloning DNA fragments from an entire genome. |
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| Uses a gel as a molecular sieve to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size, electrical charge, and other properties. |
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| A cloning vector that contains a highly active promoter. |
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Definition
| Uses a gel as a molecular sieve to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size, electrical charge, and other properties. |
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Definition
| Variations in DNA sequence. |
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| RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) |
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Definition
| Sequence changes that alter restriction sites. |
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Definition
| when we are talking about molecular techniques, it is having a probe or primer bind to its reverse complementary sequence. So, it is basically just the annealing of a DNA probe. Letting the probe anneal to the appropriate sequence on the DNA or RNA. |
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Definition
| Mutations are introduced into a cloned gene, altering or destroying its function. The mutated gene is returned to the cell, and the normal gene’s function might be determined by examining the phenotype. |
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| A way of silencing a gene. In this instance, synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules matching the sequence of a particular gene are used to break down or block the gene’s mRNA. |
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| Genome-wide association studies |
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Definition
| Analyze genomes of a large number of people with a particular phenotype and look for genetic markers. |
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| A cell that can differentiate into any cell in the adult. |
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Definition
| Nucleus from a donor cell is transported into an egg cell. |
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