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Definition
| occurs by itself under specified conditions, without an ongoing input of energy from outside the system |
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Term
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Definition
| requires a continuous input of energy from outside the system to occur |
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Term
| If a change is spontaneous in one direction, it is ___ spontaneous in the other |
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Definition
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Term
| The Concept of Entropy (S) |
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Definition
A change in order is a change in the number of ways of arranging the particles, and it is a key factor in determining the direction of a spontaneous process.
solid liquid gas |
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Term
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Definition
S = k ln W
S is entropy
K is boltzman constand (R/avogado's #)
A system with relatively few equivalent ways to arrange its components (smaller W) has relatively less disorder and low entropy.
A system with many equivalent ways to arrange its components (larger W) has relatively more disorder and high entropy. |
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Term
DSuniverse = DSsystem + DSsurroundings > 0
DS=Delta |
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Definition
| This is the second law of thermodynamics. |
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Term
| Entropy increases or decreases as temperature rises? |
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Definition
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Term
| Entropy increases or decreases as a more ordered phase changes to a less ordered phase |
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Definition
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Term
| Entropy of a dissolved solid is or is not usually greater than the entropy of the pure solute? |
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Definition
Is
the extent depends upon the nature of the solute and solvent |
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Term
| A gas becomes more or less ordered when it dissolves in a liquid or solid |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
In relation to entropy when atomic size or molecular complexity increase entropy also does |
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Definition
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Term
| Sºrxn - the entropy change that occurs when all reactants and products are in their standard states. |
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Definition
| Sºrxn = Sºproducts - Sºreactants |
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Term
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Definition
| G, the change in the free energy of a system, is a measure of the spontaneity of the process and of the useful energy available from it. |
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Term
| DGºsystem = DHºsystem - TDSºsystem |
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Definition
G < 0 for a spontaneous process
G > 0 for a nonspontaneous process
G = 0 for a process at equilibrium |
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Term
| Change of free energy of a reaction formula |
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Definition
| DGºrxn = S mDGºproducts - S nDGºreactants |
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Term
| DG = RT ln Q/K = RT lnQ - RT lnK |
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Definition
If Q/K < 1, then ln Q/K < 0; the reaction proceeds to the right (DG < 0)
If Q/K > 1, then ln Q/K > 0; the reaction proceeds to the left (DG > 0)
If Q/K = 1, then ln Q/K = 0; the reaction is at equilibrium (DG = 0) |
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Term
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Definition
| Equation used to find delta G |
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Definition
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Term
| a logarithmic way of finding K |
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Definition
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Term
| Reaction Spontaneity and the Signs of DHº, DSº, and DGº |
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Definition
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