Term
| How is sensory feedback associated with motor learning? |
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Definition
| sensory feedback information enables the CNS to adjust & correct the command signals issued to the muscles either during the movement or during the next time the movement is performed |
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Term
| Does learning depend critically on reliable sensory feedback? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do muscles maintain posture? |
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Definition
they work to counteract the force of gravity
*this is an example of how muscle contraction does not always elicit movement (in this case, it prevents movement) |
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Term
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Definition
| what a muscle does to a joint when it is preventing movement; a postural function of muscles |
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Term
| concentric (isotonic) contraction |
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Definition
| when the external force is smaller than the muscle force & the muscle shortens & a movement occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| when the external forces equal the force of the muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| when the external force is greater than the opposing force produced by the muscle contraction & the muscle lengthens |
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Term
| Can movements be classified by the speed with which they are performed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movements that are performed relatively slowly |
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Term
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Definition
movements that are very rapid; too fast to enable feedback control
*think: name like the bullet shot out of a gun* |
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Term
| 2 classifications of movements based on conscious thought or not |
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Definition
1. voluntary
2. autonomic (take place without conscious participation) |
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Term
| What are the most autonomic movements? |
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Definition
| basic, simple reflexes; ex) the retraction of the arm from a noxious stimulus |
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Term
| What are the least autonomic movements? |
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Definition
| precision grips with the fingers & delicate manipulatory or exploratory movements; ex) writing, drawing, playing a musical instrument |
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Term
| What is required by the most autonomic movements? What is not necessary? |
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Definition
required: simple reflex arcs at the spinal level
not necessary: participation of higher motor centers |
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Term
| How is the cerebral cortex involved in the least autonomic movements? |
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Definition
| it coordinates & controls the activity of motor centers in the brain stem & spinal cord |
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Term
| Is there a big or small flexibility in how motor tasks or solved? |
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Definition
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