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Definition
| a chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its constituent atoms |
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| synthesis combination reaction |
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| a chemical reaction in which larger, more complex atoms or molecules are formed from simpler ones |
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| refers to the phase in metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue (aka constructive metabolism) |
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| refers to the breaking down of complex substances into simpler ones with the release of energy (aka destructive metabolism) |
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| regions around the nucleus in which a given electron or electron pair is likely to be found most of the time. |
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| the number of protons in an atom |
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| the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons |
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Definition
| chemical reaction in which electrons and energy are gained by a molecule or oxyegen is lost |
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| chemical reaction that releases energy |
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| chemical reaction that absorbs energy |
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a state of apparent repose created by two reactions proceeding in oppaite direction at equalspeed
who is this? |
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| Factors influencing rates of chemical reactions |
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Definition
| temperature, concentration of particles, particle size, and the presence of catalyists all influence how quickly/slowly a reaction will occur |
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Definition
(in context of chemical reaction rates)
an increase in temp. means an increase in kinetic energy and the force of particle collisions
ie. higher temp = faster reaction |
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Definition
(in context of chemical reaction rates)
a higher concentration (or more of the particles) will result in more particle collisions and faster reactions |
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Definition
| A biological polymer composed of sugar subunits for example, starch or cellulose. |
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| Double sugar (sucrose, lactose) |
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Definition
| One of two or more substances that has the same molecular formula but with its atoms arranged differently |
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| One sugar; building block of carbohydrates (glucose) |
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Definition
| Organic compound composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; includes starches, sugars and cellulose |
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Definition
| a highly ordered 3-D lattice; formed when an element or compound solidifies or is in a dry state |
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Definition
| when generally small atoms (like oxygen or nitrogen) are electron-hungry and attract electrons very strongly |
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Term
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Definition
| most atoms with only one or two valence shell electrons tend to have a low electron-attracting ability and they usually lose their valence shell electrons to other atoms |
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Definition
| when chemical reactions are written in a symbollic form |
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Definition
| a small unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular masses |
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Definition
| negatively charged particle |
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Definition
| a simplified (and outdated) model of atomic structure depicting electrons moving around the nucleus in fixed, circular orbits |
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Definition
| a mixture in which the solute particles (usually protein) do not settle out readily |
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Definition
| the modern model of atomic structure that depicts electrons moving around the nucleus in orbitals |
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Definition
| reversible change of a colloid from a fluid (sol) to a more solid (gel) state |
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Definition
| reversible change of a colloid from a fluid (sol) to a more solid (gel) state |
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Definition
| heterogenous mixtures with large, often visible solutes taht tend to settle out |
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Definition
| an energy relationship holding atoms together; involves the interaction of electrons |
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Definition
| Stored or inactive energy |
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Definition
| energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances and most useful in the bonds of ATP |
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Definition
| results in the movement of charged particles, such as an ion moving along a cell membrane. |
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Definition
| Regions of space that consecutively surround the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| One of a quantized series of states in which matter may exist, each having constant energy and separated from others in the series by finite quantities of energy |
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Definition
| Outermost electron shell (energy level) of an atom that contains electrons |
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| Octet Rule (rule of eights) |
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Definition
| The tendency of atoms to interact in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell |
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Definition
| A particle consisting of two ro more atoms joined together by chemical bonds |
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| A substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united |
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| two or more substances which have been combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity. |
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| A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. |
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| a substance that takes up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts; commonly referred to as a base |
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Definition
| an ion liberated when a hydroxide (a common inorganic base) is dissolved in water |
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| when exposed to an acid such as acetic acid, bicarbonates release carbon dioxide; also a buffer in blood |
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Definition
| a hydrogen atom minus the electron therefore carrying a positive charge. |
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Definition
| takes up hydrogen atoms in deductable amounts also called a base. |
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Definition
| has a bitter taste, feels slippery and are proton acceptors. |
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Definition
| a substance that prevents change in pH in teh acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution. |
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Term
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Definition
increase of hydroxide (OH), deacrease in hydrogen(H). (alkalinity)
highest concentration of OH
pH greater than seven |
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Term
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Definition
increase of hydroxide (OH), deacrease in hydrogen(H). (alkalinity)
high concentration of OH
pH greater than seven |
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Term
| carbonic acid-bicarbonate system |
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Definition
| having no net electric charge |
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Definition
| The number and kinds of reacting substances. |
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Definition
| The resulting substances of a reaction. |
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The signs representing molecules.
Ex: CH4 |
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Definition
| One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. |
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Definition
| A naturally or artificially produced radioactive isotope of an element. |
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