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Chapter 2 Test
Cultures, Enviorments, and Regions
43
Geography
9th Grade
09/15/2008

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Cards

Term
Whole tangible lifestyle of people, but also their prevailing beliefs?
Definition
Culture
Term
Culture is not ___________ predetermined.
Definition
Genetically
Term
What is the classification order of culture components from largest to smallest?
Definition
Realm, system, complex, trait
Term
What is an area within which a particular culture system prevails?
Definition
Culture region
Term
What is a single attribute of culture?
Definition
Culture trait
Term
What is a distinct combination of traits?
Definition
Culture complex
Term
What are culture complexes with common traits?
Definition
Culture system
Term
What is an assemblage of culture regions or geographic regions?
Definition
Culture realm
Term
What are the five key topics of cultural geography?
Definition
Cultural landscape, hearths, diffusion, perception, and enviorments
Term
Who is the most closely identified geographer with cultural landscape?
Definition
Carl Sauer
Term
What is all the human induced changes on the natural landscape?
Definition
Cultural landscapes
Term
What is the notion that successive cultures leave their imprint on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape?
Definition
Sequent occupancy
Term
What are the sources of civilization, outward from which radiated the ideas, innovations and ideologies that would change the world?
Definition
Culture hearths
Term
Where did early culture hearths develop?
Definition
In the valleys and basins of the great river systems of SW Asia, N Africa, S & SE Asia, and E Asia
Term
Where did the middle and south american culture hearths evolve?
Definition
Highlands
Term
What began as culture hearths but their growth and development had a wider, sometimes global impact?
Definition
Civilizations
Term
What is the process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from its source area to other cultures?
Definition
Cultural diffusion
Term
What is an innovation or idea that develops in a source area and remains strong there while spreading outward?
Definition
Expansion diffusion
Term
What are the three types of expansion diffusion?
Definition
Contagious, hierarchical, stimulus
Term
What type of diffusion affects nearly all adjacent individuals?
Definition
Contagious diffusion
Term
What type of diffusion has the the main channel of diffusion which some segment of those who are susceptible to or adopting what is being diffused?
Definition
Hierarchical diffusion
Term
What type of diffusion has an idea or innovation that can not be readily and directly adopted by a receiving population?
Definition
Stimulus diffusion
Term
What is an actual movement of people who have adopted the idea or innovation and who carry it to a new, perhaps distant locale where they proceed to disseminate it?
Definition
Relocation diffusion
Term
What are the four types of relocation diffusion?
Definition
Acculturation, Assimilation, Transculturation, Migrant diffusion
Term
What is it when cultures make contact through relocation diffusion, one culture often comes to dominate another?
Definition
Acculturation
Term
What is the central question called for how cultures and nature interact?
Definition
Cultural ecology
Term
What is it called when the adoption of cultural elements from the dominant culture can be so complete that the two cultures become indistinguishable?
Definition
Assimilation
Term
What is it called when contact occurs that is equal in numbers, strength and complexity, in such cases, a genuine exchange follows, in which both cultures function as sources and adopters?
Definition
Transculturation
Term
What is it called when an innovation originates somewhere and enjoys strong, but brief adoption there?
Definition
Migrant diffusion
Term
What is it called when forces can and do work against diffusion and the adoption of new ideas?
Definition
Time distance decay
Term
What are intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography?
Definition
Perceptual regions
Term
What is it called when the natural enviorment merely serves to limit choices available to culture?
Definition
Cultural enviorments
Term
What cultures don't transform their landscape?
Definition
Nomadic people, and several people living in desert margins
Term
The areas where success and progress prevailed were the places where the first large clusters of what?
Definition
Human population
Term
What is the appearance of a particular technique or still a device in widespread areas that wasn't from diffusion?
Definition
Independent invention
Term
The invention of the wheel took 2000 years to reach from where to where?
Definition
Mesopotamia to Egypy
Term
How many perceptual regions exist in the United States?
Definition
12
Term
Who is the notable geographer who studied the perceptual regions of the south?
Definition
Wilbur Zelinsky
Term
What is the most distinct perceptual region of the USA?
Definition
the South
Term
What is the view that the natural enviorment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life?
Definition
Enviormental determinism
Term
What is the geographic viewpoint that holds that human decision making is the crucial factor in cultural development?
Definition
Possibilism
Term
What is an area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the enviorment consequences of dominant political, economic arrangements and understandings?
Definition
Political ecology
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