Term
| Are earthquakes usually the result of folding, isostasy, faulting, or erosion? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe a cinder cone volcano.
(3 things) |
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Definition
1. made mostly of cinders and rock particles
2. formed by explosive eruptions
3. cones are not high and have narrow base/steep sides |
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Term
| Describe a composite volcano. |
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Definition
1. built up of alternation layers of rock particles and lava
2. have craters which can become funnel shaped calderas
3. first violent eruption of bombs, ash and cinders, then quiet eruption of lava. |
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Term
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Definition
| a weight attached to a spring or wire; weight remains still |
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Term
| Describe a shield volcano. |
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Definition
1. composed of quiet lava flows.
2. sloping, done-shaped mountain is formed after several quiet eruptions.
3. lava from it flows over a large area because it is runny. |
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Term
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Definition
1. light in color
2. rich in silicon and aluminum/little water.
3. hardened lava with above mentioned qualities. |
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Term
| How are pumice and basalt different? |
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Definition
basalt - contains a lot of water, dark-colored
pumice - contains large amounts of gas |
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Term
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Definition
| when a crater becomes very large as a result of the collapse of its walls or when the top of a volcano collapses or explodes. |
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Term
| How many distinct catergories of lava are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much stronger is an earthquake with a magnitude of 6 than an earthquake with a magnitude of 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the slowest earthquake waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the warning signs that help us predict earthquakes? |
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Definition
1. P and S wave speeds change
2. slight changes in the tilt of the Earth's surface
3. Land near a fault may rise or sink slightly
4. water levels in wells rise or descend
5. behavior of certain animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor |
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Term
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Definition
| the shaking and trmbling that results from the sudden movement of part of the Earth's crust |
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Term
| What color is lava that is rich in minerals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What countries are on the Ring of Fire? |
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Definition
| New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, Alaska and along the western coasts of North and South America |
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Term
| What factors determine the amount of damage caused by an earthquake? |
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Definition
1. the earthquakes strength
2. the kind of rock and soil that underlies an area
3. the population of the area affected
4. the kinds of buildings in the area
5. time at which the earthquake occurs |
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Term
| What fault caused an earthquake in San Francisco in 1906? |
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Definition
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Term
| What instrument do you use to measure an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a scientist who studies faults and how the earths crust moves along those faults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a volcanic eruption? |
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Definition
| when magma reaches the surface |
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Term
| What is the consistency of dark colored lava? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a caldera and a crater? |
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Definition
crater: funnel-shaped pit or depression at the top of a volcanic cone
caldera: a crater that becomes very large as a result of a collapse of its walls. |
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Term
| What is the difference between lava and magma? |
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Definition
lava= above Earths surface
magma= below Earths surface |
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Term
| What is the difference between S Waves and P Waves? |
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Definition
P Waves: are faster can travel through solids, liquids and gases; are push-pull waves
S Waves: slower than P Waves; can travel only through solids; move rock from side to side. |
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Term
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Definition
| the point on the Earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
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Term
| What is the focus of an earthquake? |
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Definition
| the underground point of origin of an earthquake where the rocks break and move |
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Term
| What is the name for the opening in the Earth where hot liquid rock comes to the surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is volcanic material that is about 1 mm |
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Definition
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Term
| What is volcanic material that is the size of golf balls? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mineral does rhyolite contain that makes it light in color? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Richter scale number would a very destructive earthquake have a magnitude equal to or greater than? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of volcano is Mauna Loa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of volcano is Mount Etna? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of volcano is Mount Vesuvius? |
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Definition
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Term
| What zone does the earthquake zone located on the western coast of north america belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the most violent shaking occur in an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which are the fastest earthquake waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which earthquake waves can travel through solids, liquids and gases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which earthquake waves cause the most damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do scientists call volcanoes "windows" into the earth? |
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Definition
| by analyzing the mineral makeup of lava, geologist can determine the chemical composition of the magma from which the lava formed. |
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