Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry
Basic Chemistry
37
Science
Undergraduate 1
12/04/2010
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Science Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
potential energy
Definition
stored energy
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
active energy, energy of movement
Term
Element
 Definition
substance made of atoms, all atoms in a particular element are the same
Term
nucleus
Definition
central core
Term
          protons
 Definition
 positively charged particles
Term
neutrons
Definition

         neutral particles
Term
electrons
Definition

negatively charged particles that circle the nucleus
Term

Atomic number

 Definition
number of protons
Term

valence shell 

 Definition
outermost shell of an atom
Term

Covalent bond

 Definition
 atoms share valence electrons
Term

Ionic bond 

 Definition
one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Term

Ions 

 Definition
atoms that have an electrical charge due to lost or gained electrons
Term

Electrolyte

 Definition
 another name for ion
Term

Chemical Reaction:

 Definition
formation or breaking of atomic bonds
Term

Reactants

 Definition
starting substances
Term

Products

 Definition

ending substances

2H2 + O2 à 2H2O
Term

Chemical energy

 Definition
 potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Term

Synthetic (anabolic reactions, anabolism, synthesis) 

 Definition
Molecules combine to form a larger product
Term

Decomposition (catabolic reactions, catabolism)

 Definition
molecules are broken apart into smaller products
Term
solvent
Definition
liquid in which substances can be dissolved
Term

          solute

 Definition
 substance dissolved in liquid
Term

Buffer

 Definition
 substance that minimizes change
Term

Macromolecule

 Definition
 large organic molecule
Term

Monomer

 Definition
subunit of a macromolecule
Term

Polymer

 Definition
molecule containing 2 or more monomers
Term

          monosaccharides

 Definition

one sugar molecule

                    e. g., glucose, fructose, galactose
Term

          disaccharides

 Definition

 2 sugar molecules joined together

                    e. g., sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Term
Polysaccharides
 Definition
long chains of monosaccharides
Term

                    starch

 Definition
 storage form of glucose in plants
Term

                    glycogen

 Definition
 storage form in animals
Term

                    cellulose

 Definition
 polysaccharide used by plants to build cell walls
Term

          enzymes

 Definition
catalyze chemical reactions
Term

          antibodies

 Definition
fight off disease-causing agents
Term

          hormones

 Definition
regulatory molecules
Term

DNA

 Definition
our genetic material
Term

RNA

 Definition
functions in protein synthesis
Term

 

ATP

 

 Definition
nucleotide that stores chemical energy for use by the cell
Supporting users have an ad free experience!