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Chapter 1 Vocab
From the Buss List @ Farmington H.S.
30
Psychology
12th Grade
09/18/2012

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Term
Hindsight Bias
Definition
The want to believe you could have foreseen an event, after it's outcome
Term
Critical Thinking
Definition
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
Term
Theory
Definition
An explanation using a set of principles to predict observations
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A testable theory
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
A statement of procedures used to define research variables
Term
Case Study
Definition
An observational technique in which one person is studied in depth
Term
Replication
Definition
Repeating the essence of a research study with different participants in different situations.
Term
Survey
Definition
An observational technique in which a representative is given a questionnaire in hopes of ascertaining self-proclaimed behavior
Term
False Consensus Effect
Definition
The tendency to overestimate the extent of people's agreement with our own beliefs
Term
Naturalistic Observation
Definition
Observing and recording behavior in a natural state, without the participants knowing
Term
Correlation
Definition
A link between two factors
Term
Population
Definition
All the cases of a study
Term
Random Sample
Definition
Each case has an equal opportunity for inclusion
Term
Scatterplot
Definition
A graphed cluster of dots representing the two variables
Term
Illusory Correlation
Definition
The perception of a relationship, when none exist
Term
Placebo Effect
Definition
Experimental results caused by expectations alone
Term
Double-Blind Procedure
Definition
The testers have no knowledge of the variables
Term
Experiment
Definition
A research method in which the investigator manipulates factors to observe the effect on behavior or mental processes
Term
Experimental Condition
Definition
The condition in which exposes the participants to the independent variable
Term
Control Condition
Definition
The condition in which serves as a contrast to the independent variable
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
Assigning cases randomly to either Experimental or Control Condition
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
The experimental factor being manipulated
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The outcome factor, used to contrast the effects of the Independent Variable
Term
Mean
Definition
The arithmetic average of distribution
Term
Median
Definition
The middle range in a distribution
Term
Mode
Definition
The most reoccurring score in a distribution
Term
Range
Definition
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
Term
Statistical Significance
Definition
A statistical statement of the likeliness of an outcome made by chance
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Term
Culture
Definition
The enduring behaviors, attitudes, ideas, and traditions of a society
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