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Definition
-Pioneer of OT. Considered the most distinguished 20th century OT
-One of 5 founders of the national professional organization
-A welfare worker attracted to the therapeutic value of occupation through her association with Julia Lathrop and Jane Addams of Hull House.
-Established the first training program for occupation workers (forerunner of OT personnel)
-Emphasized that OT must be purposely planned progressive program of rest, play, occupation, and exercise.
-Habit training for the mentally ill- a re-education program designed to overcome disorganized habits, to modify other habits, and construct new ones, with the goal of restoring and maintaining of health. |
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-Founded Consolation House in NY, in 1914, and early prototype of a rehabilitation center
-Focused on conditions of the discharged patient, need to return to employment after illness and occupations and education of convalescents.
-Contributed to the re-emergence of moral treatment and employment |
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| William Rush Dunton-Psychiatrist |
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Definition
-Devoted his entire life to OT
-Served as Treasurer and President of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (the forerunner of AOTA)
-Published in excess of 120 books and articles related to OT and Rehabilitation
-Spent most of his career treating psychiatric patients in an institutional setting
-Concluded that acutely ill patients had a weakened attention span
-Interest in activities offered led to a faster recovery |
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| Dunton's 9 Cardinal Principles To Guide The Emerging Practice of OT |
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Definition
1. Any activity should have as it's objective a cure.
2. The activity should be interesting
3. There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain the patient's attention and interest.
4. The activity should preferably lead to an increase in knowledge on the patient's part.
5. Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group
6. The OT should make careful study of the patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity.
7. Acitivy should cease before the onset of fatigue.
8. Genuine encouragment shoudl be given whenever indicated.
9. Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the end product of the patient's labor is of poor quality or is useless. |
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| American OT Association Founders |
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Definition
1914-1917- Title and organization of committee members addressed. Many false starts and disagreements between Dunton and Barton.
Barton was the first president but stepped down. Dunton was treasurer did not attend after 1917 meeting.
1917: Founding of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy |
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| American OT Association Founders (people) |
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Definition
Susan Cox Johnson
George Edward Barton
Eleanor Clark Slagle
William Rush Dunton
Isabelle Newton
Thomas Kidner |
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| 1927 spiritual rehabilitation (interaction of mind and body) |
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| 1967 total patient: Holistic approach-entirety of man (cannot separate OT into psychiatric OT versus a physical dyfunction OT) |
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| 1926 OT is re-education. Work, play, medicine meet the mental, physical, and social needs of patient. |
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1932 University of Oklahoma Hospitals, pediatrics. OT has deeper, more tangible significance. Treatment based on five lines of readiness.
-construct, communicate, find out, compete, excel in things- |
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Definition
1928
-Occupationalist: OT is a plaything, see the product and not the patient |
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Term
| OT Practitioner Personal Qualities |
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Definition
-Therapist: Materials are not to be used but tools to be employed
-Emphasis on what sick people do, think, and why they behave they way they do, rather than how they make something |
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1930 Ethics of Occupational Therapy
-all should work towards the advancement, understanding, and enlargement of human life |
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| 1996 "It is task of medicine to prevent and reduce illness; the task of occupational therapy is to prevent and reduce the incapacity's resulting from illness" |
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-OT's (and assistant's) responsibility to activate residual adaptation of patients and to help deficit humans achieve life satisfaction through work and social interaction
-Occupational Behavior: Tasks needed to participate in one's occupation |
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Term
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Definition
1. Activity contains ingredients by which an ill or disabled individual may gain understanding of and control over one's own feelings, thoughts and actions; habits of attention and interest; usefulness of occupation; creative expression; the process of learning by doing; skill; and concrete evidence of personal accomplishment.
2. Variations of activity provide opportunities to balance the larger rhythms of life: work, play, rest, and sleep which must remain balanced if health is to be regained, maintained or attained.
3.Purposeful occupation involves the intricate interplay of the mind and body, which cannot be separated if the human being is to engage in activity.
4. Involvement in remedial acticity has as a major purpose the acquiring or restoring of usefulness to one's self and others as a happy, productive human being.
5.The patient is the product of his or her own efforts, not the article made nor the activity accomplished.
6. One's approach to the patient is as significant to treatment and rehabilitation as is the selection and use of an activity.
7. A knowledge of the patient's needs, an appreciation of the pain that accompanies an illness or disability, a strong desire to reduce or remove it, and a gentle firmness are among the major characteristics of the provider of therapeutic occupations. |
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1936
Purposeful work and leisure engages the patient's interest |
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1936
Choctaw-Chickasaw Sanitarium: purposeful work for children |
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| Overview of 1925 Principles William Rush Dunton Jr. |
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Definition
-Connection of learning by doing and purposeful activity
-Treatment activities ought to arouse interest, courage, and confidence; to exercise mind and body, overcome disability, re-establish capacity for industrial and social usefulness.
-The intricate involvement of the mind and body (interdependence of mental an physical aspects, also known as holism)-Holistic Approach
-OT as a learning process
-The therapeutic use of one's personal qualities
.personality 50% value of workers (therapeutic use of self) |
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Definition
-A Swiss physician who was a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University
-Coined the term "psychobiologic approach" to mental health; indicatin the human is an indivisible unit of study, rather than a composite of symptoms.
-Established the foundation of what is now known as occupational behavior, the model human occupation and occupational performance. |
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| Origin Of The Term Occupational Therapy |
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Definition
-Continiuing controversy over first use of the term
-1911 Dunton first used the term Occupation Therapy
-1915 Barton used the term in an article published in The Trained Nurse and Hospital Review, Prior to that he preferred the term Occupation re-education.
-They finally agreed on the use of the terms Occupational Therapy and Occupational Workers. |
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Term
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Definition
-Divert attention from unpleasant subjects
-Re-educate, to train the patient in mental processes, through educating the hands, eye, and muscles, just as done in the developing child
-Fostering an interest in hobbies (safety valve to prevent recurrence of illness)
-Instruct a patient in a craft until he or she has gained proficiency and can take pride in his/her work. |
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| Teaching someone a skill for the first time |
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| Re-teaching or restoring someone to perform a previously known skill. |
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| 1900's - Americans were ardent believers in progress |
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Definition
Chicago's Hull House: Opened by Jane Addams in 1889
Intended to serve immigrants and the poor through educational, social, and investigative programs. |
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| Julia Lathrop, Florence Kelly, and Jane Addams |
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Definition
| created an enviornment that helped bring OT to the forefront, as part of the restorative process of individual freedom. |
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brought the roots of moral care and occupation as treatment to the U.S.
-Most Quaker programs self-sufficient by farming and agriculture.
-Reformers were in abundance in the 1800's: |
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1815
Proposed construction of a building for exclusive use by mental patients |
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Mid 1800's
approached the Federal Government about a federal system of hospitals-Bill ultimately vetoed by the President.
-Mid to late 1800's Moral treatment including occupations began to disappear secondary to expansionism and slavery issues.
-CUSTODIAL CARE CONTINUES well into the 20th century. |
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Term
| The York Retreat- William Tuke |
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Definition
-Humane concern: Approach one of kindness and consideration.
-Influenced by the beliefs and work of the Society of Friends, a.k.a. Quakers
-They became one of the most distinct movements of Puritanism
-The York Retreat established in the 18th Century
-Pinel and Tuke's work published in 1800's created a rush of reforms in Europe and United States. |
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| Father of moral treatment PHILLIPE PINEL |
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Definition
-Moral treatment- treating the emotion
-Patient has the ability to reason: Patients own emotions could be used to restore equilibrium
-Occupation figured prominently primarily to take patients mind away from emotional stress
-Advocate of patient farms on hospital grounds |
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| President of AOTA from 1955-1958. Chief of the OT Medical Specialist Corps. |
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| Member of the House of Delegates, a delegate member of AOTA's Board of Management, and finally a member of the board itself. Worked with the state of Massachusetts Dept of mental health. |
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| Worked in Tuberculosis hospitals until recruited as assistant director of education af the AOTA national office in 1958. Become the most knowledgeable person on the subject of OTA's at the National office and in the United States |
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| Employed as an OT consultant for the Maryland Department of health in 1964 became president of the AOTA. Weimar guided the association through the difficult period of reorganization. |
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| AOTA's role in the development of the OTA |
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Definition
| -All but Wiemer were memebers of the committee on Occupational Therapy Assistants. (Robinson, Crampton, Schwagmeyer) |
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Term
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Definition
-Initial OTA courses were short term conducted under the auspices of the state hospital systems,
-Short term courses started in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and New york, they were in-service programs
-1961 a program in Montgomery County, MD, was approved in general practice in Nursing Homes (Caskey, 1961)
-The first approved program combining psychiatric and general practice was at the Duluth Vocational-Technical School in Minnesota; it also targeted student training for nursing homes.
-St. Mary's Junior College in Minnesota became the first approved 2 year college program (AOTA 1965)
-1966 All Students were in programs that prepared them to work in general areas of OT practice, rather than in a specialized setting.
-2008 The certificate OTA program as an option for new programs was eliminated.
-All new programs must be associate degree and pass the National licensing board (NBCOT) |
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| Four reasons that provide Ratinale for the Philosophy |
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Definition
1. The philosophy of any profession represents the professions views on the nature of existence.
2.Philosophy guides action. Within the context of a profession's philosophy, actions have meaning.
3. Philosophy explains the relationship of direct growth of the profession and the reason for the profession's existence.
4. One must not only be skilled in applying the techniques of the profession. He or she must have some appreciation, philosophical and theoretical, of the reasons why these techniques are applied. |
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Definition
| concerned with questions about the ultimate nature of things, including the nature of man. Specifically the mind/body relationship. |
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| Concerned with questions of the truth. What is truth? How do we come to know things? How do we know what we know |
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Concerned with the study of values
-Two types of questions addressed:
1. Aesthetics: Questions of value with regard to what is desirable or beautiful in the world
2. Ethics: Questions of value with regard to the standards or rules for right conduct |
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| Meyer 3 characteristics distinguished man from all other organisms |
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Definition
1. A sense of time
2. Capacity for imagination
3. Need for occupation |
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| including families, caregivers, teachers, employers, and relevant others |
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| such as businesses, agencies, or industries; and |
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| within a community, such as refugees, veterans who are homeless, and people with health disabling conditions |
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| Describes the specific area of human activity that is the focus of the pactitioner in Occupational Therapy and which forms the foundation of practice. |
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Dynamic occupation and client centered, both used in the delivery of OT services
-Distinct to the Framework (not in the Uniform Terminology). Describes how the constructs in the Domain are operationalized, which includes evaluation, inervention, and outcomes.
-The Domain and Process are described seprately but are actually linked in transactional relationship. |
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| are activities having special meaning and purpose in one's life, and in a sense define who we are. |
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are goal directed but they do not always assume a place of critical importance to a person
-Sometimes used interchangeably to describe participation in daily life pursuits. |
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| with both subjective and objective performance in occupations perceived by both the client and the therapist, as meaningful and necessary. |
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