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Chapter 1 Terms and Definitions
Question 3 on Study Questions
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/05/2012

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Term
anatomy
Definition
the study of the structure of an organism
Term
physiology
Definition
the study of function
Term
electrophysiological techniques
Definition
measure the electrical activity of single cells or groups of cells including muscle and nervous system tissues
Term
teratogenic agent
Definition
anything that causes (teratogenesis); the development of a severely malformed fetus
Term
neurology
Definition
the study of the nervous system
Term
thorax
Definition
chest region
Term
abdomen
Definition
region represented externally as the anterior abdominal wall
Term
upper extremity
Definition
appended to the trunk; consists of the arm: shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand
Term
lower extremity
Definition
appended to the trunk; consists of the thigh, leg, ankle and foot
Term
prone
Definition
on the belly
Term
supine
Definition
on the back
Term
flexion
Definition
bending at a joint, usually toward the ventral surface
Term
extension
Definition
stretching two ends farther apart
Term
hyperextension
Definition
extreme extension
Term
tissue
Definition
a collection of cells that serve a particular function
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
superficial layer of mucous membranes and the cells constituting the skin
Term
connective tissue
Definition
composed predominately of intercellular material (matrix), within which the cells are bound, mainly serve as support and protection
Term
cartilage
Definition
tissue with unique properties of strength and elasticity, tensile and compressive strength
Term
blood
Definition
fluid CT composed of plasma and cells suspended in matrix, arrises from bone marrow
Term
bone
Definition
hardest CT made or inorganic salts, categorized as either compact or spongy
Term
striated muscle
Definition
aka skeletal muscle, striped, voluntary/somatic control,
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
includes muscle tissue of the digestive tract and blood vessels, sheet-like spindle shaped cells, involuntary control
Term
neuron
Definition
nerve cells
Term
organ
Definition
aggregates of tissue with functional unity (tissues all serve the same general purpose)
Term
fascia
Definition
sheet-like membrane that surrounds organs
Term
visceral ligaments
Definition
bind organs together or hold structures into place
Term
skeletal ligaments
Definition
typically bind bone to bone therefore they must withstand great pressure
Term
tendons
Definition
attach muscles to bone or cartilage
Term
aponeurosis
Definition
sheet-like tendon
Term
articulation
Definition
point of union between two bones
Term
joints
Definition
the union of bones with other bones or cartilage with other cartilage
Term
craniosynostosis
Definition
premature synostosis (skull development), profound complications
Term
origin
Definition
point of attachment or least mobile element of a muscle
Term
insertion
Definition
point of attachment that moves as a result of muscle contraction
Term
agonists
Definition
muscles that move a structure
Term
antagonists
Definition
muscles that oppose a given movement
Term
synergists
Definition
muscles that stabilize structures
Term
innervated
Definition
muscles supplied by single nerves
Term
afferent
Definition
sensory nerves
Term
efferent
Definition
motor nerves
Term
motor unit
Definition
consists of one efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches
Term
body system
Definition
groups of organs with functional unity
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