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| Applied Behavior Analysis |
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| A technology of behavior in which basic principles of behavior are applied to solving real-world problems. |
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| Any activity of an organism that can be observed or somehow measured. |
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| Behavior Analysis (or experimental analysis of behavior) |
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| The behavioral sciences that grew out of Skinner's philosophy of radical behaviorism. |
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| A natural science approach to psychology that traditionally focuses on the study of environmental influences on observable behavior. |
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| A philosophical school of thought which maintains that almost all knowledge is a function of experience. |
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| A brand of behaviorism that utilizes intervening variables. usually in the form of hypothesized cognitive processes, to help explain behavior. Sometimes called "purposive behaviorism." |
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| The mental representation of one's spatial surroundings. |
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| The deliberate manipulation of environmental events to alter their impact on our behavior. |
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| In psychology, the assumption that behavior patterns are mostly learned rather than inherited. Also known as the "nurture" perspective (or, on a rare occasion, as "nurturism.") |
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| An inherited trait (physical or behavioral)that has been shaped through natural selection. |
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| An approach to psychology which proposes that the mind evolved to help us adapt to the world around us, and that the focus of psychology should be the study of those adaptive processes. |
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| The attempt to accurately describe one's conscious thoughts, emotions, and sensory experiences. |
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| Learning that occurs in the absence of any behavioral indication of learning and only becomes apparent under a different set of conditions. |
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| A law of association, according to which events that occur in close proximity to each other in time or space are readily associated with each other. |
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| A law of association, according to which events that are opposite from each other are readily associated with each other. |
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| A law of association, according to which the more frequently 2 items occur together, the more strongly they are associated with each other. |
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| The assumption that simpler explanations for a phenomenon are generally preferable to more complex explanations. |
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| A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from some type of experience. |
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| Methodological Behaviorism |
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| A brand of behaviorism which asserts that, for methodological reasons, psychologists should study only those behaviors that can be directly observed. |
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| Descates' philosophical assumption that some human behaviors are bodily reflexes that are automatically elicited by external stimulation, while other behaviors are freely chosen and controlled by the mind. |
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The assumption that a person's characteristics are largely inborn. Also known as the
"nurture" perspective. |
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| The evolutionary principle according to which organisms that are better able to adapt to environmental pressures are more likely to reproduce and pass along those adaptive characteristics than those that cannot adapt. |
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| A brand of behaviorism that utilizes intervening variables, in the form of hypothesized physiological processes, to help explain behavior. |
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| A brand of behaviorism that emphasizes the influence of the environment on overt behavior, and rejects the use of internal events to explain behavior, and views thoughts and feelings as behaviors that themselves need not to be explained. |
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| The assumption that the environment events, observable behavior, and "person variables" (including internal thoughts and feelings) reciprocally influence each other. |
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| A brand of behaviorism that strongly emphasizes the influence of observational learning and cognitive variables in explaining human behavior. It has more recently been referred to as "social-cognitive theory." |
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| The theory that learning involves the establishment of a connection between a specific stimuli (S) and a specific response (R). |
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| An approach to psychology which assumes that it is possible to determine the structure of the mind by identifying the basic element that compose it. |
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