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Definition
a good reason to believe that the suspect has been involved in a crime
police need to have this to make an arrest |
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| legal paper issued by court giving police permission to make an arrest seizure or search |
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| money that a defendant gives the court as a promise that he or she will return of the trial |
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| a formal charge against a person accused of a crime |
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| a court hearing in which the defendant is formally charged with a crime and enters a plea |
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| agreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge or a lighter sentence |
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| letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his or her sentence outside of prison |
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local and state offices
federal law enforcement agencies
must know the law and what steps to follow when arresting people
must be able to protect themselves and others from dangerous people
must make quick decisions
must be trained to use their power wisely and legally |
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Term
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Definition
patrols neighborhoods
finds stolen property
investigates complaints
arrests lawbreakers
helps solve disputes
writes traffic tickets |
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Definition
varies from state to state
major job is to protect automobile drives and enforce traffic laws on state highways |
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| federal law enforcement agencies |
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Definition
FBI, help local police with problems such as gang wars and drug dealing
FBI enforces federal law such as those against bank robbing and kidnapping |
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Term
| what happens to someone who is arrested |
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Definition
| purpose of criminal justice system is to find and punish people who have committed crimes |
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Term
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Definition
must have a probable cause
say miranda warning
taken to police station, record name, arrest time, and charges or reasons for arrest
one phone call to lawyer or friend who can arrange a lawyer
case is given to a prosecuting attorney
if they decided the case is too weak, the charges may be dropped and suspect is released |
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Term
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Definition
prosecutor shows the judge that a crime has been committed and the evidence
judge can dismiss a case
if crime can lead to jail or prison, have the right to a lawyer
defendant may plea of guilty, not guilty, or a plea of "no contest"
judge may set a bail or let defendant go on his or her own recognizance |
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| lawyer who woks full times for the government defending criminal suspects who can't afford to pay |
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| the defendant is considered to be a good risk to appear at the trial |
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Definition
must review cases involving serious federal crimes
group of 16 to 23 citizens
job is to decide if their is probable cause for believing that the defendant committed the crime
acts as a check on the government, protects the rights of the individual, makes sure there is enough evidence against him/her
may citizen return an indictment or refuse to indict
indicted defendant must appear in court for an arraignment
if defendant pleads guilty, no trial is needed |
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Term
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Definition
to keep evidence from being presented in court
if police were thought to get evidence through an illegal search than the evidence can't be used |
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| if you knew that you had broken the law and that the evidence against you was strong, you would want to make a deal with the prosecutor |
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citizens are used
questioned by both attorneys
look for people who listen carefully to evidence presented and make up their minds fairly |
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Definition
must be speedy and public
defendant has the rights to call witnesses and to question witnesses called by prosecution
right to be present in the courtroom, but doesn't have to answer questions
at the end, each attorney makes closing arguments
jury decides if guilty or not |
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Term
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Definition
if found guilty or plead guilty, judges decided the exact sentence
considers how much harm was done by the crime, criminal record, age, and attitude of the offender |
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| correctional institutions |
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Definition
must be sentenced to a community treatment program, jail, or prison
inmates times be be lessened for good behavior |
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Definition
run by cities and counties
used to hold people waiting for trials and people convicted of misdemeanors |
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Definition
run by state and federal governments
people convicted of serious crimes
called inmates |
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Term
| challenges facing the criminal justice system |
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Definition
number of people the system must deal with each year
not enough judges and other court employees to quickly handle all the people waiting for trial
prisons are overcrowded |
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Term
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| "neighborhood watch" look out for each other's property, report problems quickly to the police |
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Term
| being tougher on criminals |
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Definition
| mandatory sentences: punishments that are set by law and that a judge must give no matter who the defendant is or the reason for the crime |
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| process of trying to teach prisoners how to live useful lives when they get out |
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