You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting stangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. he is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and erregular, and his blood pressure is 100/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

A. attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated

B. assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device

C. requesting a paramedic to administer naloxone (Narcan)

D. asking law enforcement to place handcuffs on the patient

Most poisonings occur via the________ route.

A. ingestion

B. injection

C. inhalation

D. absorption

Phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off the skin instead of irrigated with water because:

A. these chemicals may ignite upon contact with water

B. this will eliminate the chances of you being exposed

C. severe swelling will occur when mixed with water

D. water makes these chemicals impossible to remove

The MOST commonly abused drug in the United States is:

A. marijuana

B. cocaine

C. codeine

D. alcohol

During your assessment of a 50-year-old male who was found unconscious in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respiration; significant bradycardia; facial cyanosis; and pinpoint pupils. As your partner begins assisting the patient's ventilations, he directs your attention to the patient's arm, which have multiple needle tracks on them. this patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

A. alcohol intoxication

B. a closed head injury

C. an overdose of diazepam (Valium)

D. a heroin overdose

Activated charcoal is given to patients who have injested certain substance because it:

A. induces vomitting and empties the stomach

B. binds to the substance and prevents absorption

C. is a direct antidote for many toxic substances

D. decreases absorption of poisons into the lungs 

After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:

A. reassess the patient's blood pressure

B. call medical control

C. be alert for vomiting

D. document the intervention

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with a severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

A. signs and symptoms of shock may be masked by the stimulant effects produced by alcohol

B. delirium tremens (DTs) are commonly induced by physical trauma and can lead to life-threatening seizures

C. long bone fractures are likely because chronic alcohol consumption weakens the structure of the bones

D. internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

A. willfully using a therapeutic drug to treat a medical illness

B. knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect

C. knowingly selling illicit drugs in order to buy more drugs

D. unwillingly and unknowingly consuming drugs or alcohol

you recieve a call to a residence where a man found his wife unconscious on the couch. The patient is unresponsive, her respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. the husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should:

A. initiate ventilatory assistance

B. perform a rapid scan head-to-toe exam

C. apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask

D. contact the poison control center

Activated charcoal is in the form of a(n):

A. elixir

B. suspension

C. syrup

D. emulsion

The presence of burning or blistering of the mucous membranes suggests:

A. ingestion of depressants

B. ingestion of poison

C. overdose of heroin

D. that the patient may be a heavy smoker

Treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. assessing the patient's airway and vital signs

B. taking the plant to the emergency room

C. administering activated charcoal

D. prompt transport

The MOST important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to:

A. maintain the airway

B. apply high flow oxygen

C. avoid exposure yourself

D. initiate CPR

Which of the following would NOT provide clues to the nature of the poison?

A. Open windows

B. Scattered Pills

C. Chemicals

D. A needle or syringe

The MOST worrisome avenue of poisoning is:

A. ingestion

B. inhalation

C. injection

D. absorption

The major side effect of ingesting activated charcoal is:

A. depressed respirations

B. overproduction of stomach acid

C. black stools

D. increased blood pressure

Alcohol is a powerful CNS depressant. It:

A. sharpens the sense of awareness

B. slows reflexes

C. increases reaction time

D. increases reflexes

Which of the following is a frequently abused synthetic opioid?

A. Heroin

B. Morphine

C. Meperidine (Demerol)

D. Codeine

Which of the following is NOT part of treatment of patients who have overdosed with sedative-hypnotics and have respiratory depression?

A. Provide airway clearance

B. Provide ventilatory assistance

C. Provide prompt transport

C. Meperidine (Demerol)

Anticholinergic medications have properties that block the _____________ nerves.

A. parasympathetic

B. sympathetic

C. adrenergic

D. parasympatholytic

_______________ crack produces the most rapid means of absorption and therefore the most potent effect.

A. Injected

B. Absorbed

C. Smoked

D. Ingested

"Nerve gases" overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by parasympathetic nerves, causing:

A. increased salivation

B. pupil dilation

C. decreased urination

D. decreased lacrimation

Signs and symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning include:

A. difficulty speaking

B. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

C. blurred vision

D. respiratory distress

Inhalant effects range from milld drowsiness to coma, but unlike most other sedative-hypnotics these agents may often cause:

A. seizures

B. vomiting

C. swelling

D. rashes

Cocaine may be taken which of the following ways?

A. Inhalation

B. Injection

C. Absorption

D. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT considered an abusable substance?

A. Alcohol

B. Nasal Decongestants

C. Detergents

D. Food

A person who has been using marijuana rarely needs transport to the hospital. Exceptions may include all of the following EXCEPT a patient who is:

A. intoxicated

B. very anxious

C. paranoid

D. hallucinating

Sympahomimetics are CNS stimulants that frequently cause:

A. hypotension

B. tachycardia

C. pinpoint pupils

D. muscle weakness

Carbon monoxide:

A. is odorless

B. produces severe hypoxia

C. does not damage or irriatate the lungs

D. All of the above

Chlorine:

A. is odorless

B. does not damage or irritate the lungs

C. Causes pulmonary edema

D. all of the above

Localized signs and symptoms of absorbed poisoning include:

A. a history of exporuse

B. burns, irritation of the skin

C. dyspnea

D. muscle weakness

Which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is FALSE?

A. The may result in dizziness, fever, and chills

B. They are frequently caused by a drug overdose

C. They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream

D. you should remove rings, watches, and bracelets in areas of swelling

When dealing with substance such as phosphhorous and elemental sodium, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A. brush the chemical off the patient

B. remove contaminated clothing

C. apply a dry dressing to the burn area

D. irrigate with water

Injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove, because they are usually __________ or cause intense local tissue destruction.

A. absorbed quickely into the body

B. bound to hemoglobin

C. large compounds

D. combined with the cerebrospinal

Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. head trauma

B. syncope

C. uncontrolled diabetes

D. toxic reaction

Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal:

A. Agitation and restlessness

B. Fever and sweating

C. Seizures

D. Chest Pain

Treatments for inhaled poisons include:

A. moving patient into fresh air

B. applying an SCBA to the patient

C. covering the patient to prevent spread of the poison

D. considering CPAP application

Signs and symptoms of chlorine exposure include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. cough

B. chest pain

C. rales

D wheezing

Which of the following is NOT a typical ingested poison?

A. Aerosol propellants

B. Household cleaners

C. Plants

D. contaminated food

ingestion of an opiate, sedative, or barbiturate can cause depression of the CNS and:

A. paralysis of the extremities

B. dilation of the pupils

C. carpopedal spasms

D. slow breathing

Inhaled poisons include:

A. chlorine

B. venom

C. dieffenbachia

D. salmonella

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the standard treatment of posionings?

A. Administering a specific antidote

B. Providing high-flow oxygen

C. Diluting the agent

D. Administering syrup of ipecac

Side effects of ingesting activated charcoal include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. vomiting

B. hematemesis

C. nausea

D. black stools

Which of the following is not commonly associated with an overdose from a cardiac medication?

A. Cardiac arrhythmia

B. Bleeding

C. Unconsciousness

D. Urinary incontinence

Ringing in the ears is associated with an overdose of:

A. acetaminophen

B. aspirin

C. ethylene alcohol

D. methyl alcohol

True or False

The usual adult dose of activate charcoal is 25 to 50 g.

True or False

The genreal treatment of a poisoned patient is to induce vomiting

True or False

Activated charcoal is a standard of care in all ingestions

True or False

Inhaled chlorine produces profound hypoxia without lung irratation

True or False

Shaking activated charcoal decreases its effectiveness

True or False

Opioid overdose typically presents with pinpoint pupils

True or False

Cholinergics include nerve gases, organophosphate insecticides, and certain wild mushrooms

True or False

Alcohol is a stimulant

True or False

Demerol, Dilaudid, and Vicodin are all examples of opioids

True or False

Cocaine is one of the most addicting substances known

True or False

Ethyle alcohol (typical drinking alcohol) can cause respiratory arrest if taken in too high a dose

True or False

Ingestion of the plant dieffenbachia can cause irritation of the lower airway

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When dealing with exposure to chemicals, treatment focuses on support, including assessing and maintaining the patient's ____________.

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The most commonly abused drug in the United States is ____________.

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Activated charcoal works by __________, or sticking to, many commonly ingested poisons, preventing the toxin from being absorbed in the body.

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If the patient has a chemical agent in the eyes, you should irrigate the eyes quickly and thoroughly for at least _____ _____ _____ minutes for acid substances and _____ _____ _____ for alkali substance.

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Opioid analgesics are CNS depressants and can cause severe _________ ________.

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 Severe acute alcohol ingestion may cause ________.

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Your primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to __________ that a poisoning occured.

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The usual dosage for activated charcoal for an adult or child is ____ _______ of activated charcoal per _______ of the body weight.

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As you are irrigate the eyes, make sure that the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose __________.

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Approximately 80% of all poisoning is by _________, including plants, contaminated food, and most drugs.

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Patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal may develop ___________ __________ is they no longer have their daily source of alcohol.

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Phospherus and elemental sodium _________ when they comein contact with water.

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Increasing tolerance of a substance can lead to ________.

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___________ may develop from sweating, fluid loss, insufficient fluid intake, or vomiting associated with delirium tremens.