Term
| in general people with B cell defects acquire numerous bacterial infections, whereas those with t cell defects get viral diseases? why? |
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Definition
| a defect with B cells would cause bacterial infections because B cells target exogenous antigens while a defect with T cells would cause viral infection because T cells target endogenous antigens |
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Term
| SSSS (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome) |
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Definition
cause: staphylococcus aureus (bacterial), damage from exfoliative toxin (toxemia) IN BLOOD STREAM that separates dermis and epidermis
classic sign: large blisters that peel within 2 days
risk: opportunistic infection
who: infants, children under 5, elderly, and immune comp.
treat: IV antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
cause: staphylococcus aureus (B)
classic sign: pus filled vesicles, honey colored crust, itchy, typically on face
who: 2-5 year olds, elderly
transmission: contact (direct or indirect)
treat: antibiotics given
(different from sass bc it doesn't go through blood but it does have the same exfoliative toxin, toxemia) |
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Term
| necrotizing fascitis (flesh eating) |
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Definition
cause: streptococcus pyrogenes (B)* (may be present on skin normally but needs break in skin to enter)
classic sign: purplish color, pain out of proportion with damage, tissue necrosis*
treatment: often requires AMPUTATION* |
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Term
| pseudomonas/ burn infections |
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Definition
cause: pseudomonas aeruginosa (B) * most common in burn victims*, opportunistic *, resistant *, and ubiquitous/common everywhere *
classic sign: green pigment, sweet/fruity odor |
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Term
| rocky mountain spotted fever |
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Definition
cause: rickettsia rickettsii (B(gram -, intracellular), zoonases caused by tick bite
classic sign: first flu like symptoms** then rash on palms and soles**, non itchy spotted rash on trunk, appendages, palms and soles called ***petechiae (subcutaneouss hemorrhages) 50% of cases
5% die even with treatment (antibiotics) |
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Term
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Definition
cause: HHV-1 lips, HHV-2 genetalia (V) **
signs: painful, itchy lesions, whit lows (enters on finger cut)
**latent virus, 2/3 will experience a reoccurrence |
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Term
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Definition
cause: papillomavirus
classic sign: benign epithelial growths, fingers/toes= seed warts, soles of feet=plantar warts, trunk, face, elbows, knees=flat warts
*some strains may be associated with cancer
transmission: direct contact |
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Term
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Definition
cause:varicella zoster virus
classic sign: extremely painful, localized lesions, typically in older individuals |
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Term
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Definition
cause: varicella zoster virus
classic sign:itchy, fluid filled vesicles, systemic
***LATENT VIRUS, reactivates as shingles |
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Term
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Definition
cause: rubella virus, mild childhood disease (in pregnant women it can cause birth defects)
vaccine available
classic sign: flat, pink/red rash |
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Term
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Definition
cause: rubeola virus
classic sign: systemic lesions, koplik's spots, SECONDARY INFECTIONS LIKELY
(fever, sore throat, conjunctivitis)
most recover in 2-3 weeks (1-5% fatal) plus secondary infections |
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Term
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Definition
cause: dermatophytes (Fungus), zoonases
uses keratin as nutrient source (also causes athletes foot)
signs: skin lesions, various parts of body |
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Term
| which two diseases are caused by an exfoliative toxin called toxemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
subcutaneous hemorrhages
-rocky spotted mountain fever (palms and soles) |
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Term
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Definition
-chicken pox, shingles
- herpes |
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Term
flat, pink red rash in children
(in pregnant women it can cause defects) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| kopecks spots are associated with |
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Definition
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Term
flat, pink red rash in children
(in pregnant women it can cause defects) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cause: listeria monocytogenes (b)
immunocompromised,pregnant females, developing fetus!! babys can die in utero)
soft cheeses, food borne, causes symptoms that resemble meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, S.agalactiae
symptoms: sever headache, sudden high fever, stiffness in neck, high WBC count, possibly petechiae |
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Term
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Definition
cause: clostridium botulinum (b)
1. foodborne- by eating foods ith bacteria thats already made toxin
2. most common in babies because they have undeveloped digestive systems
3. wound botulism- antibiotics needed, wound grows the toxin in dead tissue once endospore is introduced
classic signs:flaccid paralysis, blurry vision
constipation, no muscle tone
*BIG-IV: botulism immune globulin intravenous
*endospore former, vegetative cells= no toxins |
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Term
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Definition
clostridium tetani (endospore former)
- jaw and neck tighten
- sweating
-drooling
-grouchiness
-back spasms
transmission: direct contact, break in skin/ mucous membrane allows in the pathogen
*toxin blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter
treatment: HTIG antibodies bind to tetatnus toxin and neutralize it , antibiotics, DTaP (human tetanus immunoglobulin)
fomite- rusty nail
50% die untreated,90% in babies |
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Term
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Definition
cause: enterovirus, picornaviridae
- ASCEPTIC meningtis
- same signs/symptoms EXCEPT NO BACTERIA IN CSF
- droplet and fecal matter transmission (may be food borne)
- milder symptoms
- death is rare
- no specific treatments
- good hygiene= prevention |
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Term
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Definition
cause: rabies virus
transmission: direct contact (BITE)
ENCEPHALITIS
INCUBATION OF 1-2 MONTHS (this time allows for vaccine to make antibodies!)
signs: pain, itching at bite site, fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, neurological manifestations- hydrophobia, seizures, disorientation, hallucinations, paralysis
1. furious- more aggressive
2. paralytic- causes more paralysis
confirmed by negri bodies (viral debris)
treatment= HRIG- human rabies immunoglobulin
vaccination of those at risk as well as pets |
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Term
| african sleeping sickness |
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Definition
cause: trypanosoma brucei (P- protozoan)
headache, extreme drowsiness, and fatigue
transmission: tsetse fly
meningoencephalitis- infects meninges and brain
symptoms: presence of it in body fluids
1. lesion from bite, first headaches, fever (prodromal), lymph nodes
2. suddenly become severely drowsy, can't stay awake
3. may lead to coma and 100% fatal if untreated
antiprotozoan treatments, no vaccine, prevent by insecticides, netting, long loos clothing. |
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Term
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Definition
prion, spongiform encephalopathy
vehicle transmission: contaminated meat / beef
signs: insomnia, weight loss memory failure, act irrationally, lose control of muscles, muscle spasm, can't speak or maintain posture, death within 12 months
no treatment, avoid contaminated meat |
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Term
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Definition
cause: chlamydia trachomatis (B), infection of cells of conjunctiva resulting in scarring
TREAT WITH ANTIBIOTICS
symptoms: eyelids turn inward, scars cornea, non tramaautic blindness, |
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Term
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Definition
cause: staphylococcus aureus, neisseria gonorrhoeae(in female reproductive tract if she has gonarrhoea, as well as fungi, viruses, and protozoa
symptoms: redness of whites of eye, discharge
may be transmitted to baby at birth, more severe! |
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