Term
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Definition
| a double walled sac around the heart |
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Term
| What is the pericardium composed of? |
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Definition
| superficial fibrous pericardium, deep two-layer serous pericardium |
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Term
| Where is the parietal layer of the serous pericardium? |
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Definition
| the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium |
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Term
| Where is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium located? |
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Definition
| lines the surface of the ehart |
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Term
| Where is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium located? |
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Definition
| lines the surface of the ehart |
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Term
| What are the two layers of the serous pericardium separated by? |
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Definition
| fluid filled pericardial cavity |
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Term
| What is the role of the pericardium? |
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Definition
| Protects and anchors the heart, prevents overfilling of the heart with blood, allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment |
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Term
| What are the three layers of the heart wall? |
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Definition
| epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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Term
|
Definition
| visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface |
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Term
| What is the role of the atria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the vessels that return blood to the heart? |
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Definition
| superior and inferior venae cavae, right and left pulmonary veins |
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Term
| What are the vessels that convey blood away from the heart? |
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Definition
| Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries, ascending aorta (three branches), brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and subclavian arteries, left ventricle |
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Term
| Which veins return deO2 blood to the herat? |
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Definition
| superior and inferior venae cavae |
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Term
| Which veins return O2 blood to the heart? |
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Definition
| Right and left pulmonary veins |
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Term
| Which arteries convey deO2 blood away from the heart? |
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Definition
| Pulmonary trunk, which spilts into right and left pulmonary arteries |
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Term
| Which arteries convey O2 blood away from the heart? |
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Definition
| Ascending aorta (three branches) - brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and subclavian arteries, left ventricle |
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Term
| What are the arteries of the anterior view? |
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Definition
| right and left corononary, marginal, circumflex, anterior and interventricular |
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Term
| What are teh veins of the anterior view? |
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Definition
| small cardiac, anterior cardiac, and great cardiac |
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Term
| Where are teh right and left coronary arteries located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the arteries of the posterior view? |
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Definition
| right coronary artery, posterior interventricular artery |
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Term
| Where is the right coronary artery located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the posterior interventricular artery located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the veins of the posterior view? |
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Definition
| great cardiac, posterior vein to left ventricle, coronary sinus, middle cardiac |
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Term
| Where does blood enter the right atria from? |
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Definition
| superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus |
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Term
| Where does blood for the left atria enter from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the right ventricle pump blood into? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where does the left ventricle pump blood to? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Role of the right ventricle? |
|
Definition
| pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated |
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Term
| Anatomy of the right ventricle |
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Definition
| thinner muscular wall, crescent shaped chamber |
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Term
| Role of the left ventricle? |
|
Definition
| pumps blood via aorta to entire body |
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|
Term
| Anatomy of left ventricle |
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Definition
| very thick muscular wall, round shaped chamber |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood enters the right atrium |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood travels through the tricuspid valve ot the right ventricle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the right ventricle to the pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary arteries |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the pulmonary arteries to the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the lungs to the pulmonary veins |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the left atrium through the mitral valve |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes from the aorta into systemic circulation |
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Term
| What are the two Circulatory circuits? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the pulmonary circuit? |
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Definition
| pumping of blood to and from the lungs to be oxygenated |
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Term
| What is the role of the systemic circuit? |
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Definition
| pumping of blood to and from the body |
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Term
| As blood leaves the aorta where does the blood go? |
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Definition
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Term
| After blood has passed through the arteries where does it go? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| After blood has passed through capillaries where does it go? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| After blood has passed through venules where do it go? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| After blood leaves the veins where does it go? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of coronary circulation? |
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Definition
| Provides the heart tissue with nutrients |
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Term
| Where does all blood feeding the heart arise from? |
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Definition
| Left and right coronary artery |
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Term
| What does the left coronary artery branch into? |
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Definition
| Left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery |
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Term
| What parts of the heart does the left anterior descending artery supply? |
|
Definition
| interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles |
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Term
| What parts of the heart does the circumflex artery supply? |
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Definition
| Supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle |
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Term
| What arteries does the great cardiac vein correspond with? |
|
Definition
| left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery |
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Term
| What vein does the right coronary artery correspond with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart does the right coronary supply? |
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Definition
| Feeds right atrium and nearly all the right ventricle |
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Term
| What does the right coronary artery branch into? |
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Definition
| marginal and right posterior descending artery |
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Term
| What vein does the marginal artery correspond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vein does the right posterior descending artery correspond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart does the marginal artery supply? |
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Definition
| Supplies lateral right side of heart |
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Term
| What part of the heart does the right posterior descending artery supply? |
|
Definition
| supplies the posterior walls of both ventricles |
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|
Term
| What cardiac veins do the capillaries drain into? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What paths do the cardiac veins follow? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the cardiac veins flow into? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the coronary sinus empty into? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the role of the valves of the heart? |
|
Definition
| promote unidirectional flow by preventing backflow during contraction |
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|
Term
| How many heart valves are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are teh two types of heart valves? |
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular and Semilunar |
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|
Term
| What are the two atrioventricular valves? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the AV valves lie? |
|
Definition
| between the atria and the ventricles |
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|
Term
| What is the role of the chordae tendineae? |
|
Definition
| anchor AV valves to papillary muscles |
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|
Term
| Where is the mitral valve located? |
|
Definition
| between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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|
Term
| Where is the tricuspid valve located? |
|
Definition
| between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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|
Term
| Atrioventricular valve function: Step 1 |
|
Definition
| Blood returning to the heart fills the atria, putting pressure against atrioventricular valves; valves are forced open |
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|
Term
| Atrioventricular valve function: Step 2 |
|
Definition
| As ventricles fill, atrioventricular valve flaps hang limply into ventricles |
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|
Term
| Atrioventricular valve function: Step 3 |
|
Definition
| Atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles |
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|
Term
| Atrioventricular valve function: Step 4 |
|
Definition
| Ventricles contract, forcing blood against atrioventricular valve cusps |
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|
Term
| Atrioventricular valve function: Step 5 |
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular valves close |
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|
Term
| Atrioventricular valve function: Step 6 |
|
Definition
| Papillary muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten, preventing valve flaps from everting into atria |
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|
Term
| Where does the aortic semilunar valve (aortic valve) lie? |
|
Definition
| between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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|
Term
| Where does the pulmonary semilunar valve (pulmonary valve) lie? |
|
Definition
| between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk |
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|
Term
| What is the role of the semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
| prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles after contraction |
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|
Term
| Which heart valve is most commonly replaced? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic anatomy of heart muscle |
|
Definition
| striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected |
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|
Term
| What is the role of intercalated discs? |
|
Definition
| anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions |
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|
Term
| How can heart muscle contraction occur? |
|
Definition
| Extrinsically (nerves) or intrinsically (automaticity) |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the absolute refractory period? |
|
Definition
| Can only make the heart beat as fast as 240 bpm (dangerous) |
|
|
Term
| What are autorhythmic cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of autorhythmic cells? |
|
Definition
| initial action potentials |
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|
Term
| What are the unstable resting potentials of the autorhythmic cells called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ion do the autorhythmic cells use for action potentials? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does each pacemaker potential equal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the heart stimulated extrinsically? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic cardioacceleratory center |
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|
Term
| How does the cardioacceleratory center stimulate the heart? |
|
Definition
| Sympathetically through the spinal cord targetting the SA and AV node |
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|
Term
| How is heart contraction inhibitied? |
|
Definition
| Parasympathetic cardioinhibitory center |
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|
Term
| How is the parasympathetic cardioinhibitor center controlled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the parasympathetic cardioinhibitory center target? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Pacemake or sinoatrial (SA) node generates how many impulses/minute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the impulse from the SA node travel to next? |
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular (AV) node |
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|
Term
| What happens after the impulse reaches the AV node? |
|
Definition
| delays the impulse approx .1 second, allowing atria to finish their contraction |
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|
Term
| What happens to the impulse after the atria finish their contraction? |
|
Definition
| Impulse passes from atria to ventricles via the bundle of His |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the bundle of His? |
|
Definition
| splits into two pathways in the interventricular septum |
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|
Term
| Where do the bundle branches carry the impulse to? |
|
Definition
| Toward the apex of the heart |
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|
Term
| How is the impulse carried toward the apex of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the perkinje fibers carry the impulse to? |
|
Definition
| the heart apex and ventricular walls |
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