Substances that produce hydrogen ions in water solution (H⁺)

Examples where Hydrogen is at the begining: HCL, HBr, H_2, SO₄, HNO₃

Exception: Acetic acid CH₃COOH (Hydrogen is at the end)

Substances that produce hydroxide ions in water solution (OH^-)

(Hydroxide at the end)

Examples:NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH, Cu(OH)₂

Acid- proton donor

Base- proton acceptor

*proton= H⁺

  hydronium ion= H₃O⁺

                        (H₂O+H⁺)

(acids+bases always on the left side of the arrow

Conjugates always on the right side of the arrow)

Acid- Electron pair acceptor (cations favorable)

Base- Electron pair donor (look for lone pairs) (anions favorable)

Binary Acids

Contain only 2 elements

hydro__ x__ic acid

examples:

HCl

HF

HI

Contain 3 elements. Will have H, O, and 1 other element

per__x__ic acid            --------> more oxygen

        x__ic acid            --------> most common

       x__ous acid          --------> less oxygen

hypo__x__ous acid       --------> Still less oxygen

Examples:

HClO₄

HClO₃

HClO₂

HClO

Name the positive ion first, then "hydroxide"

Examples:

NaOH

Ca(OH)₂