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| the study of energy and its transformations |
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| thermodynamic function; deals with the number of different equivalent energy states in which a system may be found |
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| capable of proceeding in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside force |
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| properties lf systems; determined by the conditions of systems, not by how they got to that state [temp, pressure, enthalphy] |
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| can go back & forth between states along the same path |
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| cannot be reversed to restore the system & its surroundings to their original states |
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| occurs at a constant temperature |
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| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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| for a process that is spontaneous in one direction, it is non-spon. in the other direction |
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| the state of a system at a particular instant |
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| 3rd law of thermodynamics |
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| the entropy of a pure, crystalline solid at an absolute zero temperature is 0 |
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| the entropy value for a mole of a substance in its standard state |
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| standard free energy of formation |
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| the change in free energy associated with the formation of a substance from its elements under standsrd conditions |
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