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| Specific processes cause the genomes of organisms to differ from those of their anscestors |
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Aristotle was first student of it.
the branch of biology that examines the form and variety of organisms in their natural enviroments. |
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| Sought to name and catalog all of God's creation. |
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Developed by Carolus Linneaeus.
The branch of biology that classifies organisms. |
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| Studies of the world distribution of plants and animals |
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| Anatomical structure of organisms |
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| George-Lewis Leclerc, le Comte de Buffon |
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| Proposed that some animals must have changed since their creation |
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Useless parts we observe today Ex: appendix
Buffon said they must have functioned in ancestrial organisms. |
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| horizontal layering of sedimentary rocks beneath the soil surface |
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| Fossils throughout the stratification |
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| Small and simple ones appeared in deepest layers. uppermost layers often resmebled living organisms. |
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| A french zoologist and founder of comparative morphology as well as paleobiology realized that layers of fossils represented organisms that had lived at successive times in the past. |
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| Study of ancient organisms |
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| Each layer of fossils represented the remains of orgainsms that had died in a local catastrphe, such as a flood. Different species recolonized the area and when catastrophe struck again formed a new layer of fossils |
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| Argued slow and continuous physical processes, acting over long periods of time, produced earth's major geological features |
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| The view that Earth changed slowly over its history. Contrasted with Cuvier's catastrophism. |
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| Championed and extended Huttons ideas in an influential series of books, Principles of Geology. Argued that processes that shaped the Earth years ago are the same ones still occuring today. |
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| Processes shaping Earth's surface today are the same as thousands of years ago. Undermined notions of an unchanging Earth. |
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| Traveled on Sea voyage on H.M.S. Beagle. When naturalist quit Darwin replaced him. Collected plants and animals in Brazilian Rain Forest and fossils in Patagonia. |
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| Sailed westward to map the coast line of South America and then circumnavigated the Globe. |
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- Discovered Fossils in Argentina.
- Observed that the animals he encountered in different South American havitats that clearly resembled each other but differed from species that occupied similar habitats in Europe.
- Observed fascinating patterns in the distributions of species on the Galapagos Islands
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| Process where someone breed and animal that has good genes to try and recreate these genes in future generations |
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| The evolutionary process by which alleles that increase the likelihood of survival and the reproductiove output of the individuals that carry them become more common in subsequent generations. |
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| Genetically based characteristics that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce |
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| Natural selection causes populations to become more different over time |
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| Descent with modification |
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| All organisms that have ever live arose through this process. The evolutionary alteration and diversification of ancestral species. |
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| Distinguishing Characterstics of Darwin's Theory |
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- Darwing provided purely physical, rather than spiritual, explanations for the origins of biological diversity
- Darwin recognized that evolutionary change occurs in groups
- Darwin described evolution as a multistage process: variations arise, natural selection eliminates unsuccessful variations, next gen inheirits successful variations
- Darwin understood that evolution occurs vecause some organisms function better than others in a particular environment
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| The branch of science that studies the prevalence and variation in genes among populations of individuals |
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| Unified Theory of Evolution. Interpreted data from biogeography, comparative morphology, comparative embryology, palentology and taxonomy within evolutionary framework. |
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| The small-scale genetic changes that populations undergo, oftern in response to shifting environmental circumstances. |
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| Larger-scal evolutionary changes observed in species and more inclusive groups. |
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| Evolutionary Sequences of ancestrial organisms and their descendants |
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| The study of geographical distributions of plants and animals in relation to their evolutionary history |
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| Analysis of the structures of livina and extinct organisms. |
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| Analysis of comparative morphology are based on these. They are characteristics that are similar in two species because they inherited the genetic basis of the trait from their common ancestor. |
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