Term
| aquired immunodeficiency diseases |
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Definition
- develop in later life as a result of malnutrition, severe stress, or infectious diseases
- not inherited
- affect individuals who had a previously healthy immune system |
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Term
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Definition
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(syndrome- a complex of signs, symptoms, and diseases associated with a common cause)
AIDS is the presence of HIV as well as several opportunistic/rare infections or a Th cell count of 200 cells/ml of blood or less! |
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Term
| what are some defining illness from AIDS |
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Definition
1. disseminated herpes(herpes virus 8)- lesions all over body
2. kaposi's sarcoma- lesions on body (type of skin cancer)
3. pneumonia- caused by pneumocystis (fungus) (you need to have a suppressed immune system to get this) |
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Term
| how many T helper cells qualify you as having aids |
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Definition
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Term
| describe how the HIV virus looks |
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Definition
- enveloped with spikes
- RNA virus (ss RNA genome)
- enzymes: (reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease)
- gp 120- allows it to bind to target cell CD4 (Th cells) |
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Term
| what enzymes does the HIV virus contain |
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Definition
transcriptase
integrase
protease |
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Term
| what does gp 120 do on HIV virus? |
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Definition
| spike that allows for attachment to target CD4 Th cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. attachment
2. entry
3. uncoating
4. synthesis of DNA- RNA used as template to make viral DNA using reverse transcriptase!!!
5. integration (integrase)>>> provirus>>latency>> exit
6. synthesis of RNA and polypeptides
7. release
8. assembly and maturation>>> by budding (protease needed) |
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Term
| what cells are the host cells of hiv |
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Definition
1. t help cells Cd4 binds to gp120
2. monocytes
3. macrophages
4. dendritic cells |
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Term
| considering the target cell of HIV explain why it is so detrimental to immune system. |
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Definition
| the helper T cell is critical to the activation of the B cell and plays an important role in activation of the cytotoxic T cell. as hiv kills helper t cells, it is more difficult to achieve antibody response and a cell mediated response. |
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Term
| why is there a time period (2-15 yeas) between HIV infection and progression to AIDS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
body fluids containing the virus (blood, semen, vaginal secession, and breast milk)
*contaminated fluids must be injected into the body or enter through a tear of lesion.
*blood transfusion, organ transplant, needle sticks, tattooing. |
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Term
| initial signs and symptoms of HIV |
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Definition
| - fever, ftigue, weight loss, diarrhea, various body aches. |
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Term
| initial signs and symptoms of AIDS (full blown) |
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Definition
| -aids defining illnesses/oportunistic infections |
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Term
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Definition
- no cue
- hiv known for rapid development of resistance to antivirals
-if the virus is kept in latency the patient will not progress to aids
-cocktail of antivirals (ART) given (include fusion inhibits, integrate inhibits, protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors) |
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Term
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Definition
1. inhibitis fusion
2. inhibits integrase
3. inhibits protease
4. inhibits reverse transcriptase |
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Term
| why is a combination of antivirals necessary for HIV treatment? |
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Definition
| HIV is resistant to many antivirals so they combine all of them so if the virus is resistant to one antiviral the others will still work. |
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Term
| why are the antivirals targeting what they do? |
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Definition
| it interrupts replication of hiv! |
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Term
| why is it unlikely we will be able to cure HIV? |
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Definition
| HIV becomes latent during infection. latency for HIV is characterized by integration of the viral DNA into the host cell chromosome. |
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