Term
|
Definition
- George Westinghouse
- enabled engineer to apply brakes to all cars simultaneously
- helped increase size and speed of trains
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- invented the telephone
- American Telephone & Telephone Company dominated business
- led to high speed, urban civilization
|
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor |
|
Definition
- combo of national craft unions
- leaders= Strasser & Gompers, originally interested in social reforms
- fought for shorter hours and higher wages
- accepted fact that most workers would remain wage earners
- chief weapon= strikes
- avoided direct involvement in politics
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- didn't believe in organized government
- supported 8 hour work day
- involved in Square Haymarket Riot
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dominated steel industry
- built J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works- made steel
- bought out competition, mines, and steel plants
- bought out by JP Morgan-> US Steel
- wanted to retire and do philanthropic work
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- easy way to produce steal
- before invention steal couldn't be used for bulky products
- enabled producers to closely control quality
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- negotiations between reps/owners and employees to decide on wages, hours, & working conditions
- most employers refused to negotiate w/ union reps
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- wrote utopian novel- Looking Backward
- described socialized american future
- ideal socialist state would arrive with rev/violence
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- formed by Edison & Thomson-Houston cos.
- manufactured bulbs, electrical equipment, and distribution of electricity
- competitor= Westinghouse
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- developed mass-produced photographic film finish
- easily used in Kodak camera
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- laws to regulate RR and grain warehouse rates
- laws upheld in Munn v. Illinois
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- striker killed at McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
- anarchists held protest meeting
- police broke up meeting and a man threw a bomb
- 7 police men killed
- public horrified, harmed support of labor unions
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth
- denounced Standard Oil Co.
- denounced social darwinism
- condemned laissez-faire
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- progress and poverty: attack on uneven distribution of wealth
- labor=true and only source of capital
- "single tax"- proposed property tax, no other tax would be necessary
- could use tax for social and cultural services
- single tax clubs were created
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Carnegie's steel plant near pittsburgh
- boss= Frick, brought in strikebreakers & pinkerton detectives
- strikers attacked private guards
- struggle between capital and labor
- turned the public against steel workers
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- courts used injunctions to end strikes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- all charges made by RR "shall be reasonable and just"
- rebates, drawbacks, long-and-short-haul evil=unlawful
- ineffective
- challenged idea of laissez-faire
|
|
|
Term
| Interstate Commerce Commission |
|
Definition
- creates by interstate commerce act
- 1st federal regulatory board
- supervise affairs of RR, investigate complaints, & issue cease/desist orders when roads acted illegally
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- JP Morgan & Co.
- controlled many banks
- RRs
- steel, electrical, agricultural machinery, rubber, and shipping companies
- life insurance co.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- founded Standard Oil Co.
- controlled 90% of nation's oil refineries
- also owned pipelines & petroleum reserves
- cut local prices to force out small independents
- created the trust
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- founded by group of philly garment workers
- leader= Uriah S. Stephens
- didn't want to solve a specific problem
- believed ppl could advance up economic ladder
- attacked wage system and frowned upon strikes
- rejected grouping workers by craft
- welcomed blacks, women, immigrants, and unskilled workers
- wanted 8 hour day
|
|
|
Term
| Long and short haul inequality |
|
Definition
- cheaper to ship long distances than short because of rebates
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- large iron concentration
- could be mined w/ a shovel like gravel
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- grain elevator whose owner refused to comply with state warehouse act
- supreme court up help constitutionality of act
|
|
|
Term
| National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry |
|
Definition
- enforced strict RR regulations
- founded by Oliver H. Kelley
- wanted to provide social/cultural benefits for isolated rural communities
- Granger-controlled leg. est. "reasonable" maximum rates & outlawed "unjust discrimination
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- still existent
- only skilled workers
|
|
|
Term
| New York Central Railroad |
|
Definition
- albany to buffalo
- passed in to hands of Vanderbilt
- by death, RR went from NYC to most midwest cities
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- workers at Pullman's Palace Car factory protested wage cuts
- some workers belonged to American Railway Union, headed by Debs
- union voted to refuse to run trains with pullman cars
- refused to move mail trains- federal crime
- President Cleveland sent in troops
- Debs sent to jail
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- used by RR to increase volume
- given to large shippers
- made sense: easier to handle freight in carload lots than smaller units
- some times gave rebates that were too large
- officials disliked practice but no way to avoid
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- leader of AFL
- encouraged workers to make intelligent use of ballot
- produced solid growth of AFL
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- any trust in restraint of trade/commerce among several states or foreign nations=illegal
- ppl forming trusts subject to large fines & a year in jail
- supposed to restore competition
- loosely worded
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- leader= Daniel De Leon, nominated for governor of NY
- ideas of european socialists
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- founded by Rockefeller
- *see note cards on rockefeller and trust
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Western Union tried to compete w/ Bell
- Movie projector, phonograph, storage battery
- incandescent lamp/lightbulb
- "wizard of menlo park"
- Edison Illuminating Co- opened power station in NY
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fused roads to Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago to PA RR
- line reached NY, Baltimore, DC
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Rockefeller's monopoly was turned over to 9 trustees
- brought order to petroleum business
- stock holders received trust certificates
- competition disappeared and prices steadied
- trust became synonym for monopoly
|
|
|
Term
| U.S. v E.C. Knight Company |
|
Definition
- ruled that American Sugar Refining Co. did not violate law by taking over some competitors
- Sugar Trust controlled 98% of sugar refineries, but not restraining trade
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- National Labor Union
- Knights of Labor
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- developed by railroads
- needed a standard time b/c RR were interconnected across the country
|
|
|
