Term
Hypothalamus regulates _____ pituitary secretion of ___ hormones?[image] |
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Definition
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Term
_________ and ______ originate in the hypothalamus and are stored in the posterior pituitary [image] |
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Definition
| Antidiuretic Hormone; Oxytocin |
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Term
The thyroid secretes _____, _____, and _____
[image] |
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Definition
| thyroxine, calcitonin, and triiodothyronine |
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Term
| The adrenal cortex secretes _____, _____, and _____[image] |
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Definition
| Mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla secretes _____ and _____[image] |
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Definition
| epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
| Parathyroid gland secretes _____, which regulates _____, _____, and _____ ion levels[image] |
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone; calcium, magnesium, phospate |
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Term
Pancreatic islets regulate _____ _____ _____ by secreting _____ and _____
[image] |
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Definition
| blood glucose levels; glucagon; insulin |
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Term
| Ovaries produce _____, _____, and _____[image] |
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Definition
| estrogen; progesterone; inhibin |
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Term
| Testes produce _____ and _____[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ gland secretes _____, which contributes to setting the body's biological clock[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Overview of Endocrine System
[image] |
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Definition
metabolism
food intake and digestion
tissue maturation
ion regulation
water balance
bloood glucose
reproductive functions
uterine contractions and milk release
immune system regulation |
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Term
The gross anatomical structures of the pituitary gland include (4):
[image] |
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Definition
| infundibulum; pituitary gland (anterior & posterior), optic chiasm; mamillary bodies |
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Term
_____ connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Hormones of the anterior pituitary are (9)
[image] |
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Definition
growth hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
lipotropins
Beta endorphins
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Term
| Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the _____ pituitary; list two factors that lead to the secretion of ADH |
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Definition
posterior;
decrease in blood pressure
increase in blood osmolality (electrolyte concentration) |
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Term
| Increase in antidiuretic hormone causes _____ _____ _____ |
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Definition
| increased water reabsorption |
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Term
Growth hormone is secreted by the _____ pituitary and causes the following changes (5):
[image] |
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Definition
anterior;
increased growth in tissues
increased amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
increased breakdown of lipids
increased glycogen synthesis and blood glucose
increased somatomedin production |
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Term
Oxytocin is secreted by the _____ pituitary; it has the following functions (2)
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Definition
anterior;
increase uterine contraction during childbirth
increased milk expulsion from mammary glands |
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Term
| Thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by the _____ pituitary and increases _____ hormone secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted by the _____ pituitary , the target tissue is _____, and the response is _____ _____ _____ _____ |
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Definition
anterior;
adrenal cortex;
increased glucocorticoid hormone secretion |
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Term
| The _____ pituitary produces luteinizing hormone, which acts on the _____ or the _____, and does what for each sex? |
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Definition
anterior;
ovaries or testes;
male - testosterone synthesis, sperm production support
female - ovulation and progesterone production in ovaries |
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Term
| The _____ pituitary synthesizes follicle-stimulating hormone, which does what in males and females? |
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Definition
anterior;
female - follicle maturation and estrogen secretion
male - sperm cell production |
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Term
| List the hormones of the hypothalamus (7); what is their target? |
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Definition
growth hormone releasing hormone
growth hormone inhibiting hormone
thyrotropin releasing hormone
corticotropin releasing hormone
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
prolactine releasing hormone
prolactin inhibiting hormone;
anterior pituitary |
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Term
| The anterior pituitary receives neurohormonal input from the hypothalamus via the _____ portal system ; the posterior posterior pituitary has axons in the _____ and is connected via the _____ tract (no portal system) |
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Definition
hypothalamohypophysial portal system;
hypothalamus;
hypothalamohypophysial tract |
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Term
| Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine) have what functions (2) and act on which target? |
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Definition
increased metabolic rate;
essential for normal growth and maturation;
most bodily tissues |
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Term
| The thyroid also produces _____, which acts on bone by _____, which results in decreased blood calcium and phosphate levels |
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Definition
calcitonin;
decreasing osteoclast activity |
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Term
| The parathyroid produces _____ _____, which works to increase blood calcium levels by _____ osteoclast activity and releasing calcium in the blood |
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Definition
parathyroid hormone;
increasing |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla produces _____ and _____, which are involved with the sympathetic nervous system, and has what 5 functions? |
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Definition
epinephrine
norepinephrine
1. increased cardiac output
2.increased blood flow to skeletal muscles, heart
3. vasoconstriction
4. release of glucose + fatty acids in blood
5. preparation for physical activity |
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Term
| The adrenal cortex produces what 3 classes of hormones (example)? |
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Definition
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
androgens |
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Term
| Aldosterone acts upon the _____, and what is the role of aldosterone? |
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Definition
kidneys
increased sodium reabsorption and potassium/hydrogen ion excretion;
enhanced water reabsorption |
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Term
| Glucocorticoids act upon _____ tissues; what are the functions of this sympathetic nervous system agent? |
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Definition
most;
increased protein and fat breakdown
increased glucose production
inhibition of immune response
decreased inflammation |
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Term
| The zona glomerulosa secretes _____, which is important for enhanced water reabsorption |
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Definition
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Term
| The zona fasciculata secretes _____, which is important for sympathetic nervous system activity |
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Definition
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Term
| The zona reticularis secretes _____, which are important for development of axillary hair and sex drive in women |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas secretes _____ and _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ secrete insulin, which is important for increased uptake and use of glucose and amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cells secrete glucagon, which is important for increased breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into circulatory syste |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cells secrete somatostatin, which important for inhibition of glucagon and insulin synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin acts upon the _____, _____, and _____ |
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Definition
| liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue |
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Term
| Glucagon acts upon the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary - secretory cells[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Posterior pituitary - axon terminals
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Thyroid histology - spheric thyroid follicles with thyroglobin
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid histology - secretory cells |
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Definition
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Term
Thyroid and parathyroid histology
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Parathyroid glands
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Pancreas histology
[image] |
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Definition
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